Chooks to Go Marketing Plan Essay

Executive Summary Chooks to Go oven roasted chicken is the trade name under Bounty Agro Ventures Inc. a conglomerate of the Bounty Fresh Group of Companies with more than 1,100 rotisserie outlets nationwide, is aiming to increase its sales in the province of Misamiz Occidental by 10% this year. The company is outsourcing its workforce in the ir Chooks to Go outlets so that the company will be hands off in any legal claims. However, they still assure that the Chooks to Go crews will have the wages and benefits they deserve . The company is also abiding the National Building Code of the Phillipines in building their Chooks to Go stores. This is to ensure the safety of the public. The Bounty group is rapidly expanding its Chooks to Go stores nationwide . This is due to the confidence they have gain in the economy as it had achieved 7.3% economic growth last 2010 and expected to be better this year. Denizens nowadays are more into healthy living that’s why the Bounty Group ensures that Chooks to Go provides the customers a guaranteed safe, cl ean and a high standard preparation for chicken and when it comes to technological advantage the company continuously invest in Research and Development to be able to cater the consuming public the best service and product s they deserve. The company also uses various technologies in preparing its products and high end chemicals in cleaning its equipment. On the side of the micro-environment, it has been noted that the population of the province had increased from 91,410 to 112,650 from years 1995 to 2007 b ase on the statistical data presented by NSO on their website as of July 2011. This significantly means that the potential customers of Chooks to Go is also increasing. On the other hand base on that data given, Class A potential customers are in 20.75%, C lass B are in 18.74%, Class C potential customers are in 28.67% and the Class D are in 31.84%. The competitors of Chooks to Go roasted chicken in the province are Sr. Pedro Lechon Manok, Ogis Lechon Manok, Botoy’s Lechon Manok and other local roasted chicken operators. The competitions forces in the province are in moderate level. The strength of the company is that they manufacture their own products, they operate their own broiler farms, feed mills and processing plants thus they have the sufficient supply for the increasing demand of the public. There is a good opportunity now for the company of having a product line that would be infused with essential vitamins and nutrients because people loves to eat healthy foods, thus making chicken healthier will boosts sales for the company. However on the other hand, the company is not free from any threat of poultry diseases like Bird Flu that cause to disable the industry’s operation and making sales to rapidly decline. The Chooks to Go roasted chicken is pri ced at P 149, 155, and 165 pesos depending on the sizes. Available sizes are Regular size, Bigtime size and Supersize which comes in three different flavors, Sweet Roast, Hot and Spicy, and Pepper Roast. All this roasted chicken are available in all Chooks to Go rotisserie stores. Chooks to Go will be advertise on FM radio stations here in Ozamiz City and will run for a year. Chooks to Go will also engage in Community Development activities here in the province to encourage youth to engage in sports rather than in illegal activities. Chooks to Go will be continuously differentiated from its competitors to be the only oven roasted chicken na â€Å" Masarap Kahit Walang Sauce†. And because of all the efforts in marketing Chooks to Go , it will contribute a 10% increase in the company’s sales this year. Aside from that Chooks to Go will be popular not only as oven roasted chicken that is delicious even without sauce but as a brand that participated in society where it operates. II. Marketing Goal Chooks to go is the only ORC that position itself to be the only roasted chicken na â€Å"Masarap Kahit Walang sauce†. Chooks to Go that invades the country by storm last 2008 and now have more than 1,100 outlets nationwide is now aiming to increase its sales and market share in Misamis Occidental by 10% this year. III. Environmental Scanning PEST Analysis Political and Legal Environment The rotisserie crew of chooks to go is under an agency which is the one responsible for their wages and benefits, however Bounty fresh ensures that the outlets workforce get the wages and benefits they deserve. E.g Minimum wage pe r region Bounty Fresh also ensures that every Chooks to Go outlets abides the National Building Code of the Philippines which is the policy of the state to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare, consistent with the principles of environment al management and control; and to this end, make it the purpose of this Code to provide for all buildings and structured, a framework of minimum standards and requirements by guiding, regulating, and controlling their location, siting, design, quality of m aterials, construction, use, occupancy, and maintenance, including their environment, utilities, fixtures, equipment, and mechanical electrical, and other systems and installations. Economic Factors We can say that the economy of the Philippines now is doing well because of its achieved 7.3% economic growth last 2010, that is why the Philippines seeks to attract more foreign investment and enable the long underperforming economy to catch up with its fast-developing Asian neighbors. And this becomes a go od opportunity for Bounty Fresh to invest more in expanding the Chooks to GO stores in the country by putting a store in almost every city of the country. Aside from that it is no lie that Chooks to Go creates more employment having more than 1,100 outlets across the country. Social and Cultural Environment Filipinos were undeniably chicken lover, they crave for chicken, and Chooks to Go answer this cravings by providing Filipino’s a delicious oven roasted chicken na â€Å" masarap kahit walang sauce† There is also no doubt that people nowadays is more conscious with their health. A safe and clean preparation for food is a big factor that’s why Chooks to Go ensures that it provides the customer a safe, clean, guaranteed fresh, and a high standard preparation for chicken. Technological Factor Chooks to Go continuously invest in R and D to innovate its product, aside from roasted chicken they create value added products that are available also in the rotisserie outlet. They used various technologies t o ensure that the products quality will be maintained such as using meat thermometer and timer to ensure that the Chooks to Go chicken will be cooked in such manner that will be loved by many Filipinos. Using warmer to maintain the products hotness, using high end chemicals in cleaning the products used equipment’s.

Karate Kid

It's bad enough moving to a new city, but when that city is located in China, it’s almost too much to handle for 12 year old Dre Parker. It's not easy being the new boy in class when you don’t know the language, and it’s even harder, when the cool boys use Kung Fu to rule over the other pupils at school. Fortunately, Dre meets some nice classmates, including the cute girl (he fancies) Mei Ying. However, it turns out that Cheng, the leader of the Kung Fu gang at his school, also likes May, and is not particularly thrilled that Dre and May are becoming friends. Dre has hardly set foot into his new apartment, before Cheng uses his Kung Fu skills to give Dre a real beating. From this moment on, Cheng is constantly on Dre’s back. Dre becomes increasingly unhappy and longs to go back to the United States. But one day, as he is pushed into a corner by Cheng and his friends, he gets unexpected help. Mr Han, the caretaker of the apartment building where Dre lives, appears from nowhere and defends Dre with an incredible display of Kung Fu. This becomes the turning point in Dre’s new life. Mr Han decides to teach Dre the traditional combat sport, giving the boy a chance to win the respect from his classmates. Thus begins a long training period that ends up with a final battle between Dre and Cheng’s gang at the local Kung Fu competition. †The Karate Kid† is a remake of the classic 1984 film of the same name. The new version is a well-made film that will certainly engage the imagination of both young and old. The story is largely the same as the original, however, a number of elements have been renewed, making â€Å"The Karate Kid† anno 2010 better than most remakes. The film's theme focuses largely on the inner struggle of Dre. The young boy must adjust to a country with a foreign language, and a completely different culture and a city where he has almost no friends. When he is exposed to physical abuse, the previously well-adjusted boy becomes quite distressed. But Dre has great inner strength, and as his friendship with Mr Han develops, he learns more than Kung Fu. Dre understands that he is in charge of his own fate/future, and it is up to him whether he will give up, or fight to gain the respect he deserves. Such a message is well suited for children and young people, who will hopefully use this knowledge in their own lives. This film will probably promote martial arts to many young boys, and hopefully they will understand Mr Han’s clear statement that Kung Fu is a sport for wisdom and defence / an art to be used to create peace, not to hurt and combat an enemy. I think the †The Karate Kid† has a PG rating, due to several violent scenes involving Kung Fu fighting, the film is not recommended for children under the age of 8 from the online website.

Business Accounting

CHAPTER 1 Accounting: An Overview and AnalysisMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS41. Accountants refer to an economic event as a a. purchase. b. sale. c. transaction. d. change in ownership. 42. The process of recording transactions has become more efficient because a. fewer events can be quantified in financial terms. b. computers are used in processing business events. c. more people have been hired to record business transactions. d. business events are recorded only at the end of the year. 43. Communication of economic events is the part of the accounting process that involves a. identifying economic events. b. uantifying transactions into dollars and cents. c. preparing accounting reports. d. recording and classifying information. 44. Which of the following events cannot be quantified into dollars and cents and recorded as an accounting transaction? a. The appointment of a new CPA firm to perform an audit. b. The purchase of a new computer. c. The sale of store equipment. d. Payment of income taxes. 45. The use of computers in recording business events a. has made the recording process more efficient. b. does not use the same principles as manual accounting systems. c. has greatly impacted the identification stage of the accounting process. . is economical only for large businesses. 46. The accounting process involves all of the following except a. identifying economic transactions that are relevant to the business. b. communicating financial information to users by preparing financial reports. c. recording nonquantifiable economic events. d. analyzing and interpreting financial reports. 47. The accounting process is correctly sequenced as a. identification, communication, recording. b. recording, communication, identification. c. identification, recording, communication. d. communication, recording, identification. 48. Which of the following techniques are not used by accountants to interpret and report financial information? a. Graphs b. Special memos for each class of external users c. Charts d. Ratios 49. Which of the following would not be considered an internal user of accounting data for the XYZ Company? a. President of the company b. Production manager c. Merchandise inventory clerk d. President of the employees' labor union 50. Which of the following would not be considered an external user of accounting data for the XYZ Company? a. Internal Revenue Service Agent b. Management c. Creditors d. Customers 51. Which of the following would not be considered internal users of accounting data for a company? a. The president of a company b. The controller of a company c. Creditors of a company d. Salesmen of the company52. Which of the following is an external user of accounting information? a. Labor unions b. Finance directors c. Company officers d. Managers53. Which one of the following is not an external user of accounting information? a. Regulatory agencies b. Customers c. Investors d. All of these are external users54. Bookkeeping differs from accounting in that bookkeeping primarily involves which part of the accounting process? . Identification b. Communication c. Recording d. Analysis a55. All of the following are services offered by public accountants except a. budgeting. b. auditing. c. tax planning. d. consulting. a56. Which list below best describes the major services performed by public accountants? a. Bookkeeping, mergers, budgets b. Employee training, auditing, bookkeeping c . Auditing, taxation, management consulting d. Cost accounting, production scheduling, recruiting a57. Preparing tax returns and engaging in tax planning is performed by a. public accountants only. b. private accountants only. c. both public and private accountants. . IRS accountants only. a58. A private accountant can perform many activities in a business organization but would not work in a. budgeting. b. accounting information systems. c. external auditing. d. tax accounting.59. The origins of accounting are generally attributed to the work of a. Christopher Columbus. b. Abner Doubleday. c. Luca Pacioli. d. Leonardo da Vinci.60. Financial accounting provides economic and financial information for all of the following except a. creditors. b. investors. c. managers. d. other external users.61. The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to a. dentify and analyze the principal elements in the situation. b. recognize an ethical situation. c. identify the alternatives and weigh th e impact of each alternative on stakeholders. d. recognize the ethical issues involved.62. The first step in solving an ethical dilemma is to a. identify and analyze the principal elements in the situation. b. identify the alternatives. c. recognize an ethical situation and the ethical issues involved. d. weigh the impact of each alternative on various stakeholders.63. Ethics are the standards of conduct by which one's actions are judged as a. right or wrong. b. onest or dishonest. c. fair or unfair. d. all of these.64. Generally accepted accounting principles are a. income tax regulations of the Internal Revenue Service. b. standards that indicate how to report economic events. c. theories that are based on physical laws of the universe. d. principles that have been proven correct by academic researchers.65. The cost principle requires that when assets are acquired, they be recorded at a. appraisal value. b. exchange price paid. c. selling price. d. list price.66. The cost of an as set and its fair market value are a. never the same. b. the same when the asset is sold. . irrelevant when the asset is used by the business in its operations. d. the same on the date of acquisition.67. The body of theory underlying accounting is not based on a. physical laws of nature. b. concepts. c. principles. d. definitions.68. The private sector organization involved in developing accounting principles is the a. Feasible Accounting Standards Body. b. Financial Accounting Studies Board. c. Financial Accounting Standards Board. d. Financial Auditors' Standards Body.69. The SEC and FASB are two organizations that are primarily responsible for establishing generally accepted accounting principles. It is true that a. they are both governmental agencies. b. the SEC is a private organization of accountants. c. the SEC often mandates guidelines when no accounting principles exist. d. the SEC and FASB rarely cooperate in developing accounting standards.70. GAAP stands for a. Generally Accepted Auditing Procedures. b. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. c. Generally Accepted Auditing Principles. d. Generally Accepted Accounting Procedures.71. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the cost principle? a. Reliability b. Subjectivity c. Objectivity d. Verifiability72.The ACE Company has five plants nationwide that cost $100 million. The current market value of the plants is $500 million. The plants will be recorded and reported as assets at a. $100 million. b. $600 million. c. $400 million. d. $500 million.73. All of the following are advantages cost has over other valuations except that it a. is reliable. b. can be objectively measured. c. can be verified. d. is relevant.74. The proprietorship form of business organization a. must have at least three owners in most states. b. represents the largest number of businesses in the United States. c. ombines the records of the business with the personal records of the owner. d. is characterized by a legal distinction between the business as an economic unit and the owner.75. The economic entity assumption requires that the activities a. of different entities can be combined if all the entities are corporations. b. must be reported to the Securities and Exchange Commission. c. of a sole proprietorship cannot be distinguished from the personal economic events of its owners. d. of an entity be kept separate from the activities of its owner.76. A business organized as a corporation a. is not a separate legal entity in most states. b. requires that stockholders be personally liable for the debts of the business. c. is owned by its stockholders. d. terminates when one of its original stockholders dies.77. The partnership form of business organization a. is a separate legal entity. b. is a common form of organization for service-type businesses. c. enjoys an unlimited life. d. has limited liability.78. Which of the following is not an advantage of the corporate form of business organization ? a. Limited liability of stockholders b. Transferability of ownership c. Unlimited personal liability for stockholders d. Unlimited life79.A small neighborhood barber shop that is operated by its owner would likely be organized as a a. joint venture. b. partnership. c. corporation. d. proprietorship.80. Joan and Sara met at law school and decide to start a small law practice after graduation. They agree to split revenues and expenses evenly. The most common form of business organization for a business such as this would be a a. joint venture. b. partnership. c. corporation. d. proprietorship.81. Which of the following is true regarding the corporate form of business organization? a. Corporations are the most prevalent form of business organization. b. Corporate businesses are generally smaller in size than partnerships and proprietor-ships. c. The revenues of corporations are greater than the combined revenues of partnerships and proprietorships. d. Corporations are separate legal entities organized exclusively under federal law.82. A basic assumption of accounting that requires activities of an entity be kept separate from the activities of its owner is referred to as the a. stand alone concept. b. monetary unit assumption. c. corporate form of ownership. d. economic entity assumption.83. Deb Smith is the proprietor (owner) of Smitty's, a retailer of athletic apparel. When recording the financial transactions of Smitty's, Deb does not record an entry for a car she purchased for personal use. Deb took out a personal loan to pay for the car. What accounting concept guides Deb's behavior in this situation? a. Pay back concept b. Economic entity assumption c. Cash basis concept d. Monetary unit assumption84. A basic assumption of accounting assumes that the dollar is a. unrelated to business transactions. b. a poor measure of economic activities. c. the common unit of measure for all business transactions. d. useless in measuring an economic event.85. The assump tion that the unit of measure remains sufficiently constant over time is part of the a. economic entity assumption. b. cost principle. c. historical cost principle. d. monetary unit assumption.86. A business that enjoys limited liability is a a. proprietorship. b. partnership. c. corporation. d. sole proprietorship.87. A problem with the monetary unit assumption is that a. the dollar has not been stable over time. b. the dollar has been stable over time. c. the dollar is a common medium of exchange. d. it is impossible to account for international transactions.88. The common characteristic possessed by all assets is a. ong life. b. great monetary value. c. tangible nature. d. future economic benefit.89. Owner's equity is best depicted by the following: a. Assets = Liabilities. b. Liabilities + Assets. c. Residual equity + Assets. d. Assets – Liabilities.90. The basic accounting equation may be expressed as a. Assets = Equities. b. Assets – Liabilities = Owner's Equity. c. Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity. d. all of these.91. Liabilities a. are future economic benefits. b. are existing debts and obligations. c. possess service potential. d. are things of value used by the business in its operation.92. Liabilities of a company would not include . notes payable. b. accounts payable. c. wages payable. d. cash.93. Liabilities of a company are owed to a. debtors. b. benefactors. c. creditors. d. underwriters.94. Owner's equity can be described as a. creditorship claim on total assets. b. ownership claim on total assets. c. benefactor's claim on total assets. d. debtor claim on total assets.95. Owner's equity is often referred to as a. residual equity. b. leftovers. c. spoils. d. second equity.96. When an owner withdraws cash or other assets from a business for personal use, these withdrawals are termed a. depletions. b. consumptions. c. drawings. d. credit line.97. Capital is a. an owner's permanent investment in the business. b. equal to liabilit ies minus owner's equity. c. equal to assets minus owner's equity. d. equal to liabilities plus drawings.98. Revenues would not result from a. sale of merchandise. b. initial investment of cash by owner. c. performance of services. d. rental of property.99. Sources of increases to owner's equity are a. additional investments by owners. b. purchases of merchandise. c. withdrawals by the owner. d. expenses.100. The basic accounting equation cannot be restated as a. Assets – Liabilities = Owner's Equity. b. Assets – Owner's Equity = Liabilities. c. Owner's Equity + Liabilities = Assets. d. Assets + Liabilities = Owner's Equity.101. Owner's equity is decreased by all of the following except a. owner's investments. b. owner's withdrawals. c. expenses. d. owner's drawings.102. A net loss will result during a time period when a. liabilities exceed assets. b. drawings exceed investments. c. expenses exceed revenues. d. revenues exceed expenses.103. If total liabilities increas ed by $15,000 and owner’s equity increased by $5,000 during a period of time, then total assets must change by what amount and direction during that same period? . $20,000 decrease b. $20,000 increase c. $25,000 increase d. $30,000 increase104. If total liabilities decreased by $15,000 and owner’s equity increased by $5,000 during a period of time, then total assets must change by what amount and direction during that same period? a. $20,000 increase b. $10,000 decrease c. $10,000 increase d. $15,000 decrease105. If total liabilities decreased by $25,000 and owner’s equity increased by $5,000 during a period of time, then total assets must change by what amount and direction during that same period? a. $20,000 decrease b. $20,000 increase c. $25,000 increase . $30,000 increase106. If total liabilities decreased by $15,000 and owner’s equity decreased by $5,000 during a period of time, then total assets must change by what amount and direction during that same period? a. $20,000 increase b. $10,000 increase c. $20,000 decrease d. $10,000 decrease107. If total liabilities increased by $14,000 during a period of time and owner’s equity decreased by $6,000 during the same period, then the amount and direction (increase or decrease) of the period’s change in total assets is a(n) a. $14,000 increase. b. $20,000 increase. c. $8,000 decrease. d. $8,000 increase.108. The accounting equation for Goodboys Enterprises is as follows: AssetsLiabilitiesOwner’s Equity $120,000=$60,000+$60,000 If Goodboys purchases office equipment on account for $12,000, the accounting equation will change to AssetsLiabiltiesOwner’s Equity a. $120,000 = $60,000 +$60,000 b. $132,000 = $60,000 +$72,000 c. $132,000 = $66,000 +$66,000 d. $132,000 = $72,000 +$60,000109. As of June 30, 2008, Houston Company has assets of $100,000 and owner’s equity of $5,000. What are the liabilities for Houston Company as of June 30, 2008? a. $85,000 b . $90,000 c. $95,000 d. $100,000110.Owner's equity is increased by a. drawings. b. revenues. c. expenses. d. liabilities.111. Owner's equity is decreased by a. assets. b. revenues. c. expenses. d. liabilities.112. If total liabilities increased by $4,000, then a. assets must have decreased by $4,000. b. owner's equity must have increased by $4,000. c. assets must have increased by $4,000, or owner's equity must have decreased by $4,000. d. assets and owner's equity each increased by $2,000.113. Collection of a $500 Accounts Receivable a. increases an asset $500; decreases an asset $500. b. increases an asset $500; decreases a liability $500. c. ecreases a liability $500; increases owner's equity $500. d. decreases an asset $500; decreases a liability $500.114. Revenues are a. the cost of assets consumed during the period. b. gross increases in owner's equity resulting from business activities. c. the cost of services used during the period. d. actual or expected cash outflows.115. I f an individual asset is increased, then a. there must be an equal decrease in a specific liability. b. there must be an equal decrease in owner's equity. c. there must be an equal decrease in another asset. d. none of these is possible.116. If services are rendered for credit, then . assets will decrease. b. liabilities will increase. c. owner's equity will increase. d. liabilities will decrease.117. If expenses are paid in cash, then a. assets will increase. b. liabilities will decrease. c. owner's equity will increase. d. assets will decrease.118. If an owner makes a withdrawal of cash from a proprietorship, then a. there has been a violation of accounting principles. b. owner's equity will increase. c. owner's equity will decrease. d. there will be a new liability showing the owner owes money to the business.119. If supplies that have been purchased are used in the course of business, then a. liability will increase. b. an asset will increase. c. owner's equity will decrease. d. owner's equity will increase.120. As of December 31, 2008, Anders Company has assets of $35,000 and owner's equity of $20,000. What are the liabilities for Anders Company as of December 31, 2008? a. $15,000 b. $10,000 c. $25,000 d. $20,000121. Which of the following events is not a business transaction? a. Investment of cash by the owner b. Hired employees c. Incurred utility expenses for the month d. Earned revenue for services provided122. Net income results when a. Assets ; Liabilities. b. Revenues = Expenses. c. Revenues ; Expenses. d. Revenues ; Expenses.123. Owner's capital at the end of the period is equal to a. owner's capital at the beginning of the period plus net income minus liabilities. b. owner's capital at the beginning of the period plus net income minus drawings. c. net income. d. assets plus liabilities.124. A balance sheet shows a. revenues, liabilities, and owner's equity. b. expenses, drawings, and owner's equity. c. revenues, expenses, and drawings. d. assets, liabilities, and owner's equity.125. An income statement a. summarizes the changes in owner's equity for a specific period of time. b. eports the changes in assets, liabilities, and owner's equity over a period of time. c. reports the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity at a specific date. d. presents the revenues and expenses for a specific period of time.126. If the owner's equity account increases from the beginning of the year to the end of the year, then a. net income is less than owner drawings. b. a net loss is less than owner drawings. c. additional owner investments are less than net losses. d. net income is greater than owner drawings. Use the following information for questions127–129. Jimmy's Car Repair Shop started the year with total assets of $270,000 nd total liabilities of $180,000. During the year, the business recorded $450,000 in car repair revenues, $255,000 in expenses, and Jimmy withdrew $45,000. 127. Jimmy's Capital balance at the end of the year was a. $240,000. b. $225,000. c. $285,000. d. $195,000.128. The net income reported by Jimmy's Car Repair Shop for the year was a. $150,000. b. $195,000. c. $90,000. d. $405,000.129. Jimmy's Capital balance changed by what amount from the beginning of the year to the end of the year? a. $45,000 b. $195,000 c. $90,000 d. $150,000130. The balance sheet is frequently referred to as a. an operating statement. . the statement of financial position. c. the statement of cash flows. d. the statement of owner's equity.131. The primary purpose of the statement of cash flows is to report a. a company's investing transactions. b. a company's financing transactions. c. information about cash receipts and cash payments of a company. d. the net increase or decrease in cash.132. All of the financial statements are for a period of time except the a. income statement. b. owner's equity statement. c. balance sheet. d. statement of cash flows.133. The ending owner's equity amount is shown on a. the bal ance sheet only. b. he owner's equity statement only. c. both the income statement and the owner's equity statement. d. both the balance sheet and the owner's equity statement.134. Benson Company began the year with owner’s equity of $175,000. During the year, the company recorded revenues of $250,000, expenses of $190,000, and had owner drawings of $20,000. What was Benson’s owner’s equity at the end of the year? a. $255,000 b. $215,000 c. $405,000 d. $235,000135. Ed Dexter began the Dexter Company by investing $20,000 of cash in the business. The company recorded revenues of $185,000, expenses of $160,000, and had owner drawings of $10,000. What was Dexter’s net income for the year? a. $15,000 b. $35,000 c. $25,000 d. $45,000136. Jenner Company began the year with owner’s equity of $15,000. During the year, Jenner received additional owner investments of $21,000, recorded expenses of $60,000, and had owner drawings of $4,000. If Jenner’s e nding owner’s equity was $46,000, what was the company’s revenue for the year? a. $70,000 b. $74,000 c. $91,000 d. $95,000137. Janzen Company began the year with owner’s equity of $217,000. During the year, Janzen received additional owner investments of $294,000, recorded expenses of $840,000, and had owner drawings of $56,000.If Janzen’s ending owner’s equity was $531,000, what was the company’s revenue for the year? a. $860,000 b. $916,000 c. $1,154,000 d. $1,210,000Use the following information for questions138-139.Benny’s Repair Shop started the year with total assets of $100,000 and total liabilities of $80,000. During the year, the business recorded $210,000 in revenues, $110,000 in expenses, and owner drawings of $20,000.138. Owner’s equity at the end of the year was a. $120,000. b. $100,000. c. $80,000. d. $90,000.139. The net income reported by Benny’s Repair Shop for the year was a. $80,000. b. $100,000. c. $6 0,000. . $190,000.Use the following information for questions 140–141. Berwick Company compiled the following financial information as of December 31, 2008: Revenues$140,000 Berwick, Capital (1/1/08)105,000 Equipment40,000 Expenses125,000 Cash35,000 Berwick, Drawings10,000 Supplies5,000 Accounts payable20,000 Accounts receivable15,000140. Berwick’s assets on December 31, 2008 are a. $235,000. b. $170,000. c. $80,000. d$95,000.141. Berwick’s owner’s equity on December 31, 2008 is a. $105,000. b. $110,000. c. $80,000. d. $120,000.142. Ironton Company’s owner’s equity at the beginning of August 2008 was $300,000. During the month, the company earned net income of $60,000 and owner’s drawings were $20,000. At the end of August 2008, what is the balance in owner’s equity? a. $260,000 b. $300,000 c. $340,000 d. $380,000143. On January 1, 2008, Jackson Company reported owner’s equity of $470,000. During the year, the owner with drew cash of $20,000. At December 31, 2008, the balance in owner’s equity was $500,000. What amount of net income or net loss would the company report for 2008? a. Net income of $30,000 b. Net loss of $50,000 c. Net income of $10,000 d. Net income of $50,000 Use the following information for questions 144–146.Jenkins Catering started the year with total assets of $20,000 and total liabilities of $5,000. During the year, the business recorded $16,000 in catering revenues and $8,000 in expenses. Jenkins made an additional investment of $3,000 and withdrew cash of $5,000 during the year.144. The owner’s equity at the end of the year was a. $21,000. b. $18,000. c. $8,000. d. $2,000.145. The net income reported by Jenkins Catering for the year was a. $16,000. b. $11,000. c. $8,000. d. $3,000.146. Owner’s equity changed by what amount from the beginning of the year to the end of the year? a. $15,000 b. $14,000 c. $6,000 d. $3,000147.During the year 2008, Toront o Enterprises earned revenues of $45,000, had expenses of $25,000, purchased assets with a cost of $5,000 and had owner drawings of $3,000. Net income for the year is a. $45,000. b. $20,000. c. $17,000. d. $15,000.148. At October 1, Bennington Enterprises reported owner’s equity of $35,000. During October, no additional investments were made and the company earned net income of $4,000. If owner’s equity at October 31 totals $32,000, what amount of owner drawings were made during the month? a. $0 b. $1,000 c. $3,000 d. $7,000149. At October 1, Bennington Enterprises reported owner’s equity of $35,000. During October, no additional investments were made and the company posted a net loss of $3,000. If owner’s equity at October 31 totals $32,000, what amount of owner drawings were made during the month? a. $0 b. $1,000 c. $3,000 d. $7,000150. At October 1, Bennington Enterprises reported owner’s equity of $35,000. During October, the owner made additio nal investments of $2,000 and the company earned net income of $6,000. If owner’s equity at October 31 totals $40,000, what amount of owner drawings were made during the month? a. $0 b. $3,000 c. $4,000 d. $5,000151. At October 1, Bennington Enterprises reported owner’s equity of $35,000.During October, the owner made additional investments of $5,000 and the company posted a net loss of $3,000. If owner’s equity at October 31 totals $35,000, what amount of owner drawings were made during the month? a. $0 b. $2,000 c. $3,000 d. $5,000 Additional Multiple Choice Questions152. Which of the following is not part of the accounting process? a. Recording b. Identifying c. Financial decision making d. Communicating153. The first part of the accounting process is a. communicating. b. identifying. c. processing. d. recording.154. Keeping a systematic, chronological diary of events that are measured in dollars and cents is called a. ommunicating. b. identifying. c. process ing. d. recording.155. Auditing is a. the examination of financial statements by a CPA in order to express an opinion on their fairness. b. a part of accounting that involves only recording of economic events. c. an area of accounting that involves such activities as cost accounting, budgeting, and accounting information systems. d. conducted by the Securities and Exchange Commission to ensure that registered financial statements are presented fairly.156. Internal users of accounting information include all of the following except a. company officers. b. investors. c. marketing managers. . production supervisors.157. The organization(s) primarily responsible for establishing generally accepted accounting principles is(are) the FASBSEC a. nono b. yesno c. noyes d. yesyes158. The primary accounting standard-setting body in the United States is the a. Financial Accounting Standards Board. b. International Accounting Standards Board. c. Internal Revenue Service. d. Securities and Exchan ge Commission.159. A proprietorship is a business a. owned by one person. b. owned by two or more persons. c. organized as a separate legal entity under state corporation law. d. owned by a governmental agency.160.A net loss will result during a time period when a. assets exceed liabilities. b. assets exceed owner's equity. c. expenses exceed revenues. d. revenues exceed expenses.161. The Ryder’s Uptown Grill received a bill of $400 from the Erml Advertising Agency. The owner, John Ryder, is postponing payment of the bill until a later date. The effect on specific items in the basic accounting equation is a. a decrease in Cash and an increase in Accounts Payable. b. a decrease in Cash and an increase in J. Ryder, Capital. c. an increase in Accounts Payable and a decrease in J. Ryder, Capital. d. a decrease in Accounts Payable and an increase in J.Ryder, Capital.162. James Company purchases $600 of equipment from Mundelein Inc. for cash. The effect on the components of the bas ic accounting equation of James Company is a. an increase in assets and liabilities. b. a decrease in assets and liabilities. c. no change in total assets. d. an increase in assets and a decrease in liabilities.163. Morreale Beaver Company buys a $12,000 van on credit. The transaction will affect the a. income statement only. b. balance sheet only. c. income statement and owner's equity statement only. d. income statement, owner's equity statement, and balance sheet.

Are the commercial promises made about digital media just hype to Essay

Are the commercial promises made about digital media just hype to cloud our vision about the digital divide Explain in the context of your profession - Essay Example The global village feeling is not shared by everyone, and despite the convergence of digital media and falling costs, the divide remains. The question this blog considers is whether the commercial promises made about digital media are therefore just hype to cloud our vision about the digital divide. The reality is that while someone can have the latest technologies and access to the far corners of the world, the person living next door may still have no such concept of this form of ‘global community’ as envisaged by Daniel Boorstin (1978) in ‘The Republic of Technology’. The two will have very different concepts and experiences of community life and its boundaries, and this is what also characterises the digital divide. For example, the first person may conduct business in the comfort of his or her own home, internationally and without even seeing the customers in person, whereas the neighbour would have to physically travel to do the same although the customers may be met in person. This could equally be applied to personal, social, cultural, political, and other engagements but they still illustrate two very different sets of experiences for each neighbour. Between geographically apart societies, the digital divide would be even greater. Let alone ne w digital media, according to the UN, over half of the world still lives â€Å"more than two hours away from a telephone† (Flew, 2008). Thus, some people are in the slow and fast lanes of the information superhighway, but many are nowhere near any needed telecommunications infrastructure. Technological development has also always been taking place although the rapid pace and convergence phenomena are recent. They are all designed to make certain tasks easier for us and most do benefit us leading to the progress of society. But the extent to which the digital media revolution has penetrated into everyone’s homes and lives (or not) sustains the digital divide and

An Orthodox Poem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

An Orthodox Poem - Essay Example These terms may be used interchangeably to pertain to money. Noticeably, Stevens uses simple, even slang terms to make his subject easy, thus implying address of the general public, or the common people. Stevens could have used other terms like banknote or currency but such terms would deviate from the purpose of giving the simplest terms for money in the introduction and then move on to the more complex meaning of the subject. . In the second stanza, Stevens mentions the ways to use money. The lines, â€Å"Chock it up,/fork it over, shell it out./Watch it burn holes through pockets.† (4-6) reveals what a person can do with money. There is a slight change in tone with the first two lines of this stanza still sounding slang, whereas the third line sounds figurative. Stevens gets deeper into his subject matter by using imagery and metaphor in the third line. He indirectly compares money with fire, making it capable of burning â€Å"holes through pockets† (6). The first tw o lines express how people can manipulate money, whereas the third shows a magnificent power that money has as it can â€Å"burn holes† or leave a person empty-handed. Stevens provides deeper meanings of the term money as the poem progresses. As such, the third stanza provides an even deeper meaning of money by giving implications of having money. The lines, â€Å"To be made of it! To have it to burn!† (7-8) could mean two things. Literally, it can mean that money can support a person when used for sustenance. Figuratively, it can also mean that depending on money can make one burn or go to hell. Considering this, Stevens does not only illustrate an orthodox style but even demonstrates Orthodox beliefs about hell and temptation. The terms in next line, namely, â€Å"Greenbacks, double eagles, megabucks and Ginnie Maes† (9) pertain to enormous amount of money, which could lead a person to make sins and later burn in hell due to temptation. Such infusion of belief about burning is allegorical in tone. The fourth stanza balances the meanings provided in the earlier stanza by giving the positive functions of money. â€Å"It greases the palm, feathers a nest,† (10) and so on. The words in this stanza pertain to the use of money in supporting or feeding a family or making a person survive. Stevens uses more images to illustrate his point, such greasing the palm with food to eat, feathering a nest to provide shelter to a family, and letting a person survive the depth of the water in a sea. On one hand, these descriptions strongly imply the role of money in human life. On the other hand, these words also show the dependency of people on money. Such connotations further imply the negative side of money, thus serving as anti-thesis to lines 10-11. The fifth stanza further illustrates the power of money and its presence in the world as the poem states, it is â€Å"always in circulation† (15). Stevens uses denotation and connotation agai n in this stanza. As for the denotation, money can gather people’s as it can afford a lot of things. For the connotation, money gathers the interest of many when a person with a lot of money is lavishly clothed. Furthermore, it implies that people with money become popular and are always in circulation. The last stanza bears the most negative implications of money. Once again, the author uses denotation and connotation. The persona warns the addressee about putting money in the mouth, despite not knowing where it comes

A close reading of Life is a dream by Pedro Calderon De La Barca. What Essay

A close reading of Life is a dream by Pedro Calderon De La Barca. What does this tell you about the nature of Spanish society, about its values, social mores, expectations, political culture - Essay Example jailer of Segismund said in the play, â€Å"Dreams are rough copies of the waking soul.†1 Therefore, what people dreamed about was not necessarily in vain. They were having dreams for a reason. With the idea that life was a dream, De La Barca was playing with notions of whether the consciousness present in life actually existed in Golden Age Spain. De La Barca, in his play, predicted that Segismund would one day grow up to revolt against his father the King. In chaining Segismund to the floor in a prison, he thought that he could keep his son sequestered, far enough away so that he could not hurt the King. However, this sense of fatalism that the King had felt in terms of his son growing up in the future to one day kill him, scared the King so much that he decided to do something about it (by chaining up his son). However, as one shall see, the idea of fatalism is a key Spanish value that we shall examine in the next portion which we will be reading. Spanish values included an unshakeable sense of fatalism, as Segismund speaks about the illusion and reality present in life—a dualism, if one will. He also speaks of the inevitable end of the world with precocious wit, intimating with a fatalistic sense that his suffering is only temporary. The Spanish people also believed very much in destiny (â€Å"el destino†) and how it related to their outlooks on life. Believing in destiny, many people in Spanish culture had the specific idea that one was supposed to be somewhere at a specific time in order to fulfill their destinies. As Segismund describes in this soliloquy, With the idea that values were important in Golden Age Spain—as well can one imagine—also important was the idea of having social mores. These were prescriptive ideals which were vanguards of the values of the people, which will now be discussed at length. Spanish social mores in the Golden Age were very strict. That is why the King warned Segismund once he approached the kingdom with

The Kite Runner Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Kite Runner - Essay Example The relationship that is first going to be explored is the one between Amir and his father (Baba). In the first half of the movie, they are shown to possess different characteristics. Baba is brave and powerful, while Amir is a coward. Unlike them, the relationship between their Hazara servant, Ali, and his son, Hassan, is very similar. Ali is defined by his modesty and is very loyal to his master, catering to his needs diligently. His son has the same personality and will do literally anything for Amir, as is seen in various incidents in the movie. However, when I got to know that Hassan was Baba’s illegitimate son further on in the movie, I realized how similar Baba really is to Amir. He acted out of impulse and consequently made a blunder in their lives and never disclosed what he had done. Moreover, he tried to atone for his action in other ways to clear his guilty conscience. Amir had a lot more to atone for. Somehow, the guilt of not being able to stop what happened to Hassan transformed into anger. This was further fuelled when Hassan remained impassive when Amir insulted him repeatedly. Not only had he abandoned his friend at the time when he most needed him, but he also tried to get rid of him later; he planted false evidence to ‘prove’ that Hassan stole Baba’s watch. However, not once does Hassan betray Amir; he ‘admits’ to the ‘crime’ in order to make Amir happy. ... It could also be because Hassan was a Hazara, which was termed as a lower cultural class in Afghanistan, due to which Amir only ‘used’ him by letting him stand up to Amir’s bullies alone. However, their bond must have been pretty strong, owing to how burdened Amir became with the guilt of what he had done. Moreover, after finding out that Hassan’s son, Sohrab, was taken by Assef (the bully who had raped Hassan in his youth), Amir courageously steps forward and receives a beating from Assef for the sake of Sohrab’s freedom. In addition, he took Sohrab to safety and later adopted him. These acts of his prove that he did indeed redeem himself (indirectly, through Sohrab) in front of Hassan. This also shows that this is a buildungsroman story; Amir developed from being a selfish boy to a selfless adult. On the other hand, Assef has an extremely selfish and remorseless character, as he never even thinks of redemption for the sins he committed to Hassan an d Sohrab. Sacrifice has been a major recurring motif in The Kite Runner; Hassan, knowing how important the blue kite was for Amir, refused to give it up even if it caused himself to get sexually abused. He also sacrificed his honesty for Amir by owning up to a crime he did not commit (stealing Baba’s watch). However, even Amir later selflessly put himself in danger’s mouth to save Sohrab. Kites symbolize the difference between Amir and Hassan’s social class and status in their friendship; the kite flyer (Amir) is important and controlling, while the kite runner (Hassan) is minor and ever-available. This movie also showed me that if there is hope for a better future for Sohrab-who has suffered in the hands of Assef-then there is hope for Afghanistan-which has suffered in the hands of the Taliban-as

Coca Cola's branding strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Coca Cola's branding strategy - Essay Example For example, when the company decided to change the taste of its prime product Coke in the 1980's the result was vigorously unfavorable and the company authorities had to dump the plan. The term 'branding strategy' deals with the variables that formulate and execute the probable public perception about the brand or brands of a company. The future success of the company depends on this branding strategy. When a company like Coca Cola is taken into consideration it could be safely stated that their impetus on branding strategy has remained successful throughout the century with ground breaking success notes. While selecting the branding strategy by the officials it is always kept in mind that the direct marketing is at its optimum level and the supply chain and distribution system is always at its most advantageous position. In addition, there is always the potential to innovate new sister brands corresponding the local taste and priorities. For example, Coca Cola can boast on having over 500 flavors in its booty. Furthermore, there was bottled water branded under the equity that really took the market by storm in 2000. There are about four core brands operating under the over head of Coca Cola.

Is Microfinancing empowering women in South America Research Paper

Is Microfinancing empowering women in South America - Research Paper Example This paper concludes that the effects of microfinancing have a positive influence to women empowerment in Latin America. This paper also concludes that the overall empowerment level of women in Latin America is significant and provides spaces for women to run viable businesses and contribute to family’s income. Introduction Microcredit, in a wider dimension called microfinance, has in the recent years become a much favored intervention not only for poverty alleviation but also for empowering women across the South American countries (Hofstede, 2012). Microfinance is an economic development approach that has evolved so as to benefit low-income persons all over the world. The term refers to the provisioning of financial services by financial institutions to their low-income clients. The general financial services are savings and credit; although some microfinance institutions provide payment and insurance services. The definition of microfinance should include both the financial and social intermediations for it to empower women (Inter-American Development Bank, 2012). Microfinance activities involve: * Small loans, usually for working capital * Streamlined microcredit disbursement and monitoring * Informal appraisals of investments * Collateral substitutes, such as compulsory savings and group guarantees * Access to larger repeated loans, based on the performance of a person’s repayment * Securing savings products (Hofstede, 2012). The microfinance industry in Latin America is comprised of numerous number of institutions that can be categorized in 3 groups. The first group is the NGOs which largely provisions financial services to micro entrepreneurs. Besides the financial services, these NGOs provide business development services such as business trainings and consultancy. This is the group that contains the largest number of institutions in Latin America (ACCION International, 2011) The second group is those institutions that formerly were NGOs b ut have up scaled their financial operations and are currently regulated by the banking systems of their country. This can be group can be referred as microfinance Institutions. The last group the commercial banks that have now targeted the low income earners into their trade. This combination of microfinance providers represent what is in the modern age referred as the commercialization of microfinancing in Latin America. Microfinancing is a potential phenomenon that that is used in Latin America to alleviate poverty (Attay, 2007). Empowering women however in micro finance would require several. Microfinance is a potential tool that can have a powerful impact on the process of women empowerment. Women empowerment is a multifaceted process that is characterized by change in a person although all individuals (Unite for Sight, 2010) experience it differently. Women across the South American countries profit from microcredit and other financial services. Strengthening the financial bas e of women and is an important role in empowering them. However, women are not only empowered by providing them with direct credits. This paper examines the perspectives under which women are empowered (Lee, et al. 2010). Problem Statement When examining the impact of microfinancing on women empowerment in Latin America, the following challenges were experienced by the field of microfinance in this region. First, it is important to note that one the key role of microfinance is providing accessible financial

The American War in Viet Nam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The American War in Viet Nam - Term Paper Example Despite their active involvement, people from Australia were anxious about the country’s involvement in the war. It is noteworthy that various novels and other cultural texts focus on Australia’s involvement in the war and its consequences. An example of a book that talks about Australia’s participation in the war is â€Å"The Things They Carried† by Tim O’Bien. This book contains short stories that talks about the country’s involvement while criticizing the complex political web that led to both America’s and Australia’s participation while featuring O’Brien and his fellow soldiers (O’Brien 18). The author has explained the roles of politics in the war while focusing on the soldiers who participated in the war. The initial chapter in the book talks about soldiers from Australia and American carrying weapons in literary way. The book contains well-researched information with the main source being the experiences of the author during the Vietnam War. Based on the author’s arguments in the book, the book is against the soldier’s participation in the war. The author describes the emotional pains and burdens carried by the soldiers in form of weapons thr oughout the war. It makes the audience identify with the soldiers’ suffering instead of focusing on their positions in the war. According to the author, the country got involved in the war because it lacked enough information and was misled by other countries such as the US and Vietnam. Through the book, the audience realizes how the soldiers were caught up in a complicated political game during the war. The author explains how the Australian soldiers were alienated during the war (O’Brien 18). In the later chapters, the book seems to accuse the country’s governments and the public for betraying the soldiers. The book pictures the real event in the country during the war. For instance, through the book, the audience realized how soldier were being manipulated in

Ethical and Human Issues in Health Care Research Paper

Ethical and Human Issues in Health Care - Research Paper Example Health inequities generate issues that deeply question our moral convictions. Any society should provide its members with the requisite conditions for attaining the best possible health, as this leads to a contented and useful life. Such is the demand of justice in health. This viewpoint renders a global community unjust if it permits the premature demise of individuals. It should, in fact, promote the economic and social conditions that are essential for preserving life (Ruger, 2006, p. 1002). A segregation of the members of society on the basis of deprivation is to be achieved. This in turn clearly identifies the individuals who are in urgent need of access to health care. It is important to realize that this intervention does not abandon the improvement of the average health (Ruger, 2006, p. 1002). Moreover, the provision of medical facilities to the groups occupying the center of the ill health spectrum is not discarded in this endeavor. Consequently, universal health coverage is promoted with regard to diseases such as AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis (Ruger, 2006, p. 1002). These diseases have been seen to be prevalent to a much greater extent among the disadvantaged sections of society. Moreover, there is a close correlation between global health and health and human rights. This relationship is founded on the inherent value of every individual and the rights of a person that derive from the local and international community. It is the objective of global health to ensure these rights.

New England and Chesapeake Essay Example for Free

New England and Chesapeake Essay During the 1610, the New England and Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, but by 1700 the regions developed into two distinct societies. The distinctions of development arose due to differences in economy and political structure. The economy and political structure of New England and Chesapeake differed based on the geography, needs and the different values or purposes that the regions served, causing two distinct societies to emerge by 1700. In terms of economics, early distinctions occurred in that the economy of the Chesapeake colonies was based on large plantations whereas the economy of New England was based on subsistence farming and mercantilism. In early 17th century Virginia, tobacco became Virginia’s biggest profits. By 1700, 40 million pounds of tobacco was produced and large plantations were dedicated to just growing tobacco, producing a single crop economy. The large plantations provided landowners or tobacco growers with cheap and plentiful labor through the use of slaves and indentured servants. In document C, the passengers aboard the ship bound for Virginia are all mostly made up of single men well below the age of 40, showing that many are probably indentured servants who are going to work in the large plantations. By the 1660s the overproduction of tobacco dramatically decreased tobacco prices causing indigo and rice to become greater commodities. Still large plantations dominated the economy by producing indigo and rice as well. However New England colonies were based on subsistence farming and a barter economy in the early 17th century. Only enough food would be grown to support the community. Fishing oysters, whaling and homespun industry (artisans) dominated the economy. In document B, many craftsmen ventured to New England, showing that artisans were an important part of the economy. There were a few number of farmers aboard the ship as well indicating that farming was not a large part of the economy. After the Restoration and the Navigation Acts in the 1660s which restricted colonial trade to England, New England became a mercantile based economy. Trade dominated the economy. The Chesapeake colonies depended more one agriculture in their economy whereas the New England colonies depended more on trade due to the geography of the two regions. Chesapeake was located further south than New England, therefore having longer warmth periods and flat lands. These geographical  advantages allowed the Chesapeake colonies to have a longer growing season and to be able to create large plantations. The geography of the New England colonies restricted the growing season due to the high ground with many rocks and the cooler climate. New England was located along the coast giving it access to many deep harbors to foster trade. Chesapeake and New England were able to develop in to distinct societies due to their different economies where Chesapeake relied on agriculture while New England relied on mercantilism. In terms of economics, the economy of the regions differed in that Chesapeake was based on slave labor and indentured servitude whereas New England was based on reciprocity. Document A shows how New England is based on reciprocity. John Winthrop, claims that in order for the Massachusetts Bay Colony to succeed, everyone in the colony must work together productively and fend for one another. â€Å"We must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of other’s necessities.† This shows that the colonists of New England not only work as a group by helping each other achieve success, but also treat each other with respect. Document B shows that most of the passengers heading to New England are heading there with their entire family, indicating there must be a cooperation system in New England where people cooperate with each other to meet their needs and gain profits. Many families are also traveling with their own servants therefore it can be seen that indentured servants or slave labor was not the foundation of the New England economy. In contrast document C shows that the p eople heading towards Virginia (Chesapeake colony) are mostly young single men who are probably indentured servants thereby showing that the economy of the Chesapeake colonies are based on slave labor and indentured servants. During the early 1600s, the Chesapeake colonies mostly depended on indentured servants and some slave labor since a large and cheap labor source was needed for the tobacco plantations. Since many people did not come in families, families formed slowly and could not provide a strong and abundant labor force. Natives in the colonies died quickly, causing a need for a more reliable labor force. Therefore the colonists of the Chesapeake colonies turned to indentured servants, displaced farmers in England who wanted to venture to the colonies, but did not have enough money to pay for the voyages by themselves. A plantation owner would pay for the indentured servants’ voyage and the indentured servant would have to work off the debt by working on the plantations with the promise that they would get land and shelter once they were freed. However, in the 1660s indentured servants became scarce and many of them were freed from service causing plantation owners to turn to slave labor to maintain their plantations. The economy of the Chesapeake colonies depended on slave labor and indentured servitude while New England depended on reciprocity due to Chesapeake’s dependence on agriculture for wealth and New England’s dependence on trade and crafts for wealth. Plantations worked most effectively through the use of cheap and abundant labor while trade and mercantilism worked most effectively through cooperation. In terms of political structure, differences in government can be seen in that the Chesapeake colonies were based more on the landed aristocracy whereas the New England colonies were based more on religion and the church. In the Chesapeake colonies the plantation owners of the landed aristocracy had most control over the government. Many landowners and the landed aristocracy made up the government including the council and the House of Burgess in Virginia. These officials made up the laws and collected taxes, giving them control over the government. William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia during the mid-1600s adopted many policies favoring the plantation owners and used his powers to benefit the landowners, giving large planters economic and political control in the colony. Many freemen who worked off their debts did not have land. The favoring of the landowners by the government soon erupted into a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon. In Document F, Bacon’s Manifesto claims that the government is corrupt and only concerned for their own estates, collecting all the money from the taxes to better develop their estates, showing how the planters dominated the political life of New England. The government failed to protect the frontier settlements where most yeoman farmers were from Indian attacks and instead only concerned themselves with the large plantations. In contrast the government of the New England colonies were centered on religion. In the Plymouth settlement, the church became the civil and social institution of the colony. People who did not conform to the religious values or ideals of the Puritans were executed as seen in the Salem Witch Trials, where the government ordered and allowed the execution of â€Å"witches† or social outcasts  in 1692. In Massachusetts, communities of pure Christians were made. The government did not tolerate any religious views besides Puritan views. Even educati on and literacy centered on religious values. Land in the New England colonies were maintained and controlled by the Elders of the church and the amount of land given to each family would depend on their usefulness to the church as well as the size of the family. Every family should have enough to sustain themselves. The church also dominated political authority. Only male church member could vote, pass taxes, settle disputed, hold town meetings and appoint government officials. The government of the New England colonies was centered on religion whereas the government of the Chesapeake colonies was centered on planters. The differences are due to the original purpose of each region/colony. Virginia and Maryland were founded primarily for commercial venture causing land and commodities to become most important, thereby having land equated power. Massachusetts and Plymouth were founded primarily for refuge for English separatists or puritans causing religion to become the most important aspect of colonial life and thereby giving power to the church. All in all the New England and Chesapeake settlements evolved into two distinct societies despite their English origin due to their economic and political differences. The economy of New England was based on mercantilism and reciprocity/cooperation whereas the economy of Chesapeake was based on agriculture and slave labor. The political system also differed in that New England was based on religion whereas Chesapeake was based on the landed aristocracy and the planters. The differences caused the different regions to develop distinctive needs in order for the regions to prosper, leading to two distinctive societies.

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Examples Of Soil Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay This Air pollution plays an important role in the life cycle of pollution because air pollution only makes the human beings into lots of defects like asthma, cancer, breathing problem, etc. Not only for the human lives its also affects the animals and greens. When looking to Geographical this Air pollution affects the Ozone Layer and made lots of hole in that and it can cause health problems such as lung inflammation, skin damage, headaches, burning eyes and scratchy throats. High concentrations of certain air pollutants are extremely dangerous and can cause severe injury, cancer, or birth defects. Individuals with respiratory problems, people with heart or lung disease, children, elderly residents, athletes and pregnant women are at high risk for health problems from air pollution. Those who play, work or exercise outdoors breathe pollutants deeper into their lungs, which can increase the chance of negative health effects. Chemicals and particles in the air also reduce visibility and can damage buildings and monuments. Air pollution harms our loved ones, our environment and our property. The frequency of Air Pollution Watch and Warning days indicates our serious (ii) Water Pollution: Water pollution is any chemical. pysical or biological change in thequality of water that has a harmfuleffect on any living thing that drinks or uses or lives in it. When humans drink polluted water it often has serious effects on thier health. Water pollution is not just something that big chemical plants make improvements. This Water pollution also play a vital role in the affects of pollutionthere are sevaral classes of water pollutants; The first are disease-causing agents. These are bacteria, viruses, protozoa and parasitic worms that enter sewage system. A second category of water pollutants is oxygen-demanding wastes; wastes that can be decomposed by decomposed by oxygen-requiring bacteria. When large populations of decomposing bacteria are converting these wastes it can deplete oxygen levels in the water. This causes other organisms in the water, such as fish, to die. A third class of water pollutants is water-soluble inorganic pollutants, such as acids, salts and toxic metal s. Large quantities of these compounds will make water unfit to drink and will cause the death of aquatic life. Another class of water pollutants are nutrients; they are water-soluble nitrates and phosphates that cause excessive growth of algae and other water plants, which deplete the waters oxygen supply. This kills fish and, when found in drinking water, can kill young children. Water can also be polluted by a number of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and pesticides, which are harmful to humans and all plants and animals in the water. A very dangerous category is suspended sediment, because it causes depletion in the waters light absorption and the particles spread dangerous compounds such as pesticides through the water. Finally, water-soluble radioactive compounds can cause cancer, birth defects and genetic damage and are thus very dangerous water pollutants. The safety of our drinking water is often taken for granted in America. In recent years, however, environmentalists and the media have drawn attention to the dangers of ground water pollution and the health risks of lead, chlorine, pesticides, organic chemicals, and various microorganisms that have been found to contaminate our public water supplies. Outbreaks of waterborne diseases are a common occurrence and have involved entire city populations, sometimes leading to serious complications and even fatalities. The potential carcinogenic effects of long-term exposure to certain organic chemicals in our water supplies are under government scrutiny. (iii) Soil Pollution: . Examples of Soil Pollution: Land pollution is the degradation of the Earths land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping, and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself. Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in herbicides (weed killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other invertebrate pests). Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops. Waste Disposal: The accumulation of waste threatens the health of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in. Control measure: The following measures can be used to control land pollution: anti-litter campaigns can educate people against littering; organic waste can be dumped in places far from residential areas; inorganic materials such as metals, glass and plastic, but also paper, can be reclaimed and recycled. Two billion hectares of soil degraded According to FAO, human activities have degraded 15% of the earths non-submerged surface. The main cause in the last 30 years has been a desire to boost food production, with erosion being the main threat, affecting 84% of degraded land. Farmland area has grown steadily in developing countries, the exact reverse of what has happened in developed countries. A full 23% of usable land has deteriorated so badly that its productivity has suffered.

Research Assignment on Data File Structure

Research Assignment on Data File Structure Raghavendra Tyagi TOPIC OF ASSIGNMENT The letters in English language, make up words. While no word is less or more than another, one could view a word that appears before another in the dictionary is less than that word, and a word that appears afterwards is more. By this definition, identical words are the same. Parsing a file is when you read a file to collect information from the file. In this assignment, you will parse a file, and put all of the words in a Binary Search Tree. You will use the Binary Search Tree to collect data about the number of times a word was found in the file. The first word you encounter will be the root. If the next word is greater, put it to the right. If it is less, put it to the left. It is possible that the tree you make will be very sparse. Assume all words in the file are lower case or covert them to lower case. After you have loaded the file into your Binary Search Tree, the program should display the in-order, pre-order post-order traversal of the Binary Search Tree. The user should be given the chance to type a word. The computer should say the number of times the word was found in the file (zero or more). BINARY SEARCH TREE INTRODUCTION: In  computer science, a binary search tree (BST), sometimes also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a  node-based  binary tree  data structure which has the following properties The left  sub tree  of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the nodes key. The right sub tree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the nodes key. The left and right sub tree each must also be a binary search tree. There must be no duplicate nodes ADVANTAGE: The major advantage of binary search trees over other  data structures  is that the related sorting Algorithm and  search algorithms  such as  in-order traversal  can be very efficient. BINARY SEARCH TREE (PROPERTY): Letxbe a node in a binary search tree. Ifyis a node in the left sub tree ofx, theny. key x. key. OPERATIONS: Operations, such asfind, on a binary search tree require comparisons between nodes. These comparisons are made with calls to a comparator, which is a  subroutine  that computes the total order (linear order) on any two keys. This comparator can be explicitly or implicitly defined, depending on the language in which the binary search tree was implemented. SEARCHING: Searching a binary search tree for a specific key can be a  recursive  or an  iterative  process. We begin by examining the  root node. If the tree isnull, the key we are searching for does not exist in the tree. Otherwise, if the key equals that of the root, the search is successful and we return the node. If the key is less than that of the root, we search the left sub tree. Similarly, if the key is greater than that of the root, we search the right sub tree. This process is repeated until the key is found or the remaining sub tree is null. If the searched key is not found before a null sub tree is reached, then the item must not be present in the tree. INSERTION: Insertion begins as a search would begin; if the key is not equal to that of the root, we search the left or right sub trees as before. Eventually, we will reach an external node and add the new key-value pair (here encoded as a record new Node) as its right or left child, depending on the nodes key. In other words, we examine the root and recursively insert the new node to the left sub tree if its key is less than that of the root, or the right sub tree if its key is greater than or equal to the root. DELETION: There are three possible cases to consider: Deleting a leaf (node with no children):Deleting a leaf is easy, as we can simply remove it from the tree. Deleting a node with one child:Remove the node and replace it with its child. Deleting a node with two children:Call the node to be deletedN. Do not deleteN. Instead, choose either its  in-order  successor node or its in-order predecessor node,R. Replace the value ofNwith the value ofR, then deleteR. BST FIGURE: Preorder traversal sequence: F, B, A, D, C, E, G, I, H (Root, left, right) In order traversal sequence: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I (left, root, right) Post order traversal sequence: A, C, E, D, B, H, I, G, (left, right, root) ASSIGNMENT CODE #include #include struct treeNode { char data[10]; struct treeNode *left, *right; }; struct treeNode *root = NULL; struct treeNode* createNode(char data) { struct treeNode *newNode; newNode = (struct treeNode*)malloc(sizeof(struct treeNode)); newNode->data = data; newNode->left = NULL; newNode->right = NULL; return(newNode); } void insertion(struct treeNode **node, char data) { if (*node == NULL) { *node = createNode(data); } else if (data data) { insertion((*node)->left, data); } else if (data > (*node)->data) { insertion((*node)->right, data); } } void deletion(struct treeNode **node, struct treeNode **parent, char data) { struct treeNode *tmpNode, *tmpParent; if (*node == NULL) return; if ((*node)->data == data) { if (!(*node)->left !(*node)->right) { if (parent) { if ((*parent)->left == *node) (*parent)->left = NULL; else (*parent)->right = NULL; free(*node); } else { free(*node); } } else if (!(*node)->right (*node)->left) { tmpNode = *node; (*parent)->right = (*node)->left; free(tmpNode); *node = (*parent)->right; } else if ((*node)->right !(*node)->left) { tmpNode = *node; (*parent)->left = (*node)->right; free(tmpNode); (*node) = (*parent)->left; } else if (!(*node)->right->left) { tmpNode = *node; (*node)->right->left = (*node)->left; (*parent)->left = (*node)->right; free(tmpNode); *node = (*parent)->left; } else { tmpNode = (*node)->right; while (tmpNode->left) { tmpParent = tmpNode; tmpNode = tmpNode->left; } tmpParent->left = tmpNode->right; tmpNode->left = (*node)->left; tmpNode->right =(*node)->right; free(*node); *node = tmpNode; } } else if (data data) { deletion((*node)->left, node, data); } else if (data > (*node)->data) { deletion((*node)->right, node, data); } } void findElement(struct treeNode *node, chardata) { if (!node) return; else if (data data) { findElement(node->left, data); } else if (data > node->data) { findElement(node->right, data); } else printf(data found: %sn, node->data); return; } void traverse(struct treeNode *node) { if (node != NULL) { traverse(node->left); printf(%3d, node->data); traverse(node->right); } return; } int main() { char data; int ch; while (1) { printf(1. Insertion in Binary Search Treen); printf(2. Deletion in Binary Search Treen); printf(3. Search Element in Binary Search Treen); printf(4. Inorder traversaln5. Exitn); printf(Enter your choice:); scanf(%d, ch); switch (ch) { case 1: while (1) { printf(Enter your data:); scanf(%s, data); insertion(root, data); printf(Continue Insertion(0/1):); scanf(%d, ch); if (!ch) break; } break; case 2: printf(Enter your data:); scanf(%s, data); deletion(root, NULL, data); break; case 3: printf(Enter value for data:); scanf(%s, data); findElement(root, data); break; case 4: printf(Inorder Traversal:n); traverse(root); printf(n); break; case 5: exit(0); default: printf(uve entered wrong optionn); break; } } return 0; } [[emailprotected] ~]$vi t.c [[emailprotected] ~]$gcc t.c [[emailprotected] ~]$./a.out OUTPUT: 1. Insertion in Binary Search Tree 2. Deletion in Binary Search Tree 3. Search Element in Binary Search Tree 4. Inorder traversal 5. Exit Enter your choice:1 Enter your data: aim Continue Insertion(0/1):1 Enter your data: age Continue Insertion(0/1):1 Enter your data: admit Continue Insertion(0/1):1 Enter your data: agree Continue Insertion(0/1):1 Enter your data: blue Continue Insertion(0/1):0 Resultant Binary Search Tree after insertion operation: aim / age blue / admit agree 1. Insertion in Binary Search Tree 2. Deletion in Binary Search Tree 3. Search Element in Binary Search Tree 4. Inorder traversal 5. Exit Enter your choice:4 Inorder Traversal: admit, age, agree, aim , blue 1. Insertion in Binary Search Tree 2. Deletion in Binary Search Tree 3. Search Element in Binary Search Tree 4. Inorder traversal 5. Exit Enter your choice:2 Enter your data:admit Delete node admit aim / age blue / agree 1. Insertion in Binary Search Tree 2. Deletion in Binary Search Tree 3. Search Element in Binary Search Tree 4. Inorder traversal 5. Exit Enter your choice:3 Enter value for data:age data found: age No of occurrence:1 1. Insertion in Binary Search Tree 2. Deletion in Binary Search Tree 3. Search Element in Binary Search Tree 4. Inorder traversa 5. Exit Enter your choice:5[[emailprotected] ~]$ COMPLEXITY OF BINARY SEARCH TREE It could be O(n^2) even if the tree is balanced. Suppose youre adding a sorted list of numbers, all larger than the largest number in the tree. In that case, all numbers will be added to the right child of the rightmost leaf in the tree, Hence O(n^2). For example, suppose that you add the numbers [15..115] to the following tree: The numbers will be added as a long chain, each node having a single right hand child. For the i-th element of the list, youll have to traverse ~i nodes, which yields O(n^2). In general, if youd like to keep the insertion and retrieval at O(nlogn), you need to use  Self Balancing trees

The Men Who Knew Two Much A Compairson of Hitchocks Classic Original an

The Men Who Knew Two Much A Compairson of Hitchocks Classic Original and Remake Many works of art can be considered artifacts that hold volumes of information regarding the culture of the people that created them and the historical context in which they lived. Films are also treasures of culture, filled with clues and insights into the attitudes and perceptions of the people of the day. While documentary films obviously present a historical record of people and events, dramatic fictional movies can also reveal the same. Comparing the main characters in Hitchcock's 1934 The Man Who knew Too Much with their 1955 counterparts unveils many differences between American and English cultures, expectations of their women and the pre- and post-war world view. THE HEROES [top] The heroes, heroines and villains portrayed in the two versions of the film were drawn quite differently. Lawrence (1934) was assertive and took control of the situation, while McKenna (1955) seemed to let the situation control him. When Lawrence got the message from his wife about the cryptic note, he immediately ran into Louis' room to get it. He used his resources and wit to get him through sticky situations, from standing up to the authority of Scotland Yard, to tangling with the dentist to the chair fight at the church. Lawrence even recruited Clive to do most of the dirty work such as getting a tooth pulled or being hypnotized by the 7-fold ray. Unlike Lawrence, McKenna was largely ineffectual and kind of bumbling at times. It wasn't until the very end that he actually took any risk when he went to the hitman's box at Albert Hall and then when he tripped up Mr. Dreighton on the stairs. McKenna's wife seemed the stronger and smarter one throughout as she was suspicious of Louis in Marrakech and later figured out Ambrose Chapel was a place instead of a person. THE VILLAINS [top] The portrayal of the villain was different in both versions as well. In the first one, the villain was singularly personified in the form of Abbot, but the second film's villain was shared by the Dreightons and the foreigner who wanted to become Ambassador. In contrast, the motive of Abbot was rather ambiguous and only referred to as "the cause," while the assassination of the Ambassador in the color version was clearly a means for personal advancement... ...and hugged. However, the role of women in 1995 America is a little bit 1934, a little bit 1955 and a lot of neither. The following generalizations are just that: Today in this society, women are expected to be sexy and smart,but not too much of either one. If a girl is very glamorous, she is not expected (or desired) by males to be smart, and women see her as hurting the liberation movement, perpetuating the "object" stereotype. On the other hand, a smart, assertive woman is often viewed as being unfeminine and bitchy, especially in the workplace. Hillary Clinton personifies this dichotomy - she was applauded for abandoning the subservient First Lady role and at the same time criticized for overstepping her bounds. Wonder Woman is perhaps the only cultural hero to solve this problem. She could be sexy and strong in her little Wonder Woman outfit and tiara, as well as loyal and subordinate in her glasses as Diana Prince. But she only succeeded by becoming two people. We still have a long way to go. Bibliography: Â ©1996 Chris Sheridan All views expressed are the opinions of the author. Feel free to link to this page. For educational and informational purposes only.

Man’s Domination Over Woman in Kate Chopins Desirees Baby Essay

Man’s Domination Over Woman in Desiree’s Baby Differences between people create conflicts between people.   This is especially true between men and women, since throughout history society has viewed women as subservient to men.   Kate Chopin’s feminist short story, Desiree’s Baby, illustrates man’s domination over woman.   Since Desiree meekly accepts being ruled by Armand, and Armand regards Desiree as his possession, the master/slave relationship that exists between Armand and Desiree is undeniable. Armand believes that since he possesses a superior social position than does Desiree, he is at liberty to be master over her.   As a plantation owner and a descendant of the Aubigny family which bears "one of the oldest and proudest [names] in Louisiana" (316), Armand owns tens and hundreds of slaves.   In contrast Desiree is adopted into a family without a respected name.   Since, "Young Aubigny's rule was a strict one†, he not only treats the slaves as if they were animals, but also treats Desiree as but a beautiful possession.   Although Desiree truly loves Armand, the relationship is not reciprocal, which is evident by the fact that Armand has affairs with other women.   Desiree’s love for Armand elevates him in the relationship, while Armand’s domination over Desiree only makes her more submissive. Armand’s ego exhibits his qualities as a master.   His respected name, large plantation, and position as a master over slaves inflate his pride.   The fact that, â€Å"Armand is the proudest father in the parish†¦ because it is a boy, to bear his name† (317), illustrates that Armand does not truly love his family; instead he sees them as possessions – extensions of his property.   To Armand the baby serves the purpose of honoring him by ... ...e denies both her and the child, she loses personhood and therefore commits suicide and infanticide. The word, desperately, that describes her love for Armand illustrates how truly attached she is to him.   When Armand accuses Desiree of being black and disowns her because he believes this, Desiree completely loses her identity.   Without Armand she thinks, â€Å"I shall die. I must die. I cannot be so unhappy, and live.† (319). It is not only Armand’s dominance, but also Desiree’s meek subservience that kills Desiree and the baby, while ruining Armand’s life.   In Armand and Desiree’s already teetering master/slave relationship, a trivial conflict over race is the final blow that splits them up.   Yet it was the difference between the perceptions of themselves and each other, set in place by a male dominated society, that doomed their relationship even from the beginning. Man’s Domination Over Woman in Kate Chopin's Desiree's Baby Essay Man’s Domination Over Woman in Desiree’s Baby Differences between people create conflicts between people.   This is especially true between men and women, since throughout history society has viewed women as subservient to men.   Kate Chopin’s feminist short story, Desiree’s Baby, illustrates man’s domination over woman.   Since Desiree meekly accepts being ruled by Armand, and Armand regards Desiree as his possession, the master/slave relationship that exists between Armand and Desiree is undeniable. Armand believes that since he possesses a superior social position than does Desiree, he is at liberty to be master over her.   As a plantation owner and a descendant of the Aubigny family which bears "one of the oldest and proudest [names] in Louisiana" (316), Armand owns tens and hundreds of slaves.   In contrast Desiree is adopted into a family without a respected name.   Since, "Young Aubigny's rule was a strict one†, he not only treats the slaves as if they were animals, but also treats Desiree as but a beautiful possession.   Although Desiree truly loves Armand, the relationship is not reciprocal, which is evident by the fact that Armand has affairs with other women.   Desiree’s love for Armand elevates him in the relationship, while Armand’s domination over Desiree only makes her more submissive. Armand’s ego exhibits his qualities as a master.   His respected name, large plantation, and position as a master over slaves inflate his pride.   The fact that, â€Å"Armand is the proudest father in the parish†¦ because it is a boy, to bear his name† (317), illustrates that Armand does not truly love his family; instead he sees them as possessions – extensions of his property.   To Armand the baby serves the purpose of honoring him by ... ...e denies both her and the child, she loses personhood and therefore commits suicide and infanticide. The word, desperately, that describes her love for Armand illustrates how truly attached she is to him.   When Armand accuses Desiree of being black and disowns her because he believes this, Desiree completely loses her identity.   Without Armand she thinks, â€Å"I shall die. I must die. I cannot be so unhappy, and live.† (319). It is not only Armand’s dominance, but also Desiree’s meek subservience that kills Desiree and the baby, while ruining Armand’s life.   In Armand and Desiree’s already teetering master/slave relationship, a trivial conflict over race is the final blow that splits them up.   Yet it was the difference between the perceptions of themselves and each other, set in place by a male dominated society, that doomed their relationship even from the beginning.

Bvaria

Even after university studies, it is not always easy for refashions to stay up-to-date and at the same time trust their existing expertise. Professionals also have to be prepared to switch Jobs, get used to new working environments and stay flexible. And finally they have to deal with high expectations and the pressure to perform. Of course there are different programmer to choose from at EVIL Wakening, and one student is different from another. But many of you aspire to become professionals often in an international context, and you will come across the situation as described above. Nice you all. So what else do you have in common? You will ark with other people (colleagues, clients, commissioners) and you have to relate to them in one way or another. That means communication is central. English is crucial: you now need to learn to use spoken and written English, so that it becomes natural to you to work and learn in that language. You will need to act professionally, that means you need to show certain professional behaviors and a ‘grown-up' attitude. Other people need to rely on you and your sense of responsibility.You have to learn right (career) choices in life, and do things as well as you can without underperforming or overstretching yourself. This is why we try to prepare you for a professional career, so that you can be confident that upon graduation, you a have more than sufficient skills and knowledge, as well as the right attitude, to work in such changing environments, whilst keeping your head cool. So that, wherever you are and wherever you work, you are aware of the things that you still need to learn, but also of the things that you are good at and that you can rely on.And that whatever happens, you are prepared to find out and communicate with other people about what is needed. Whether you are working as an employee or perhaps later, in more senior position, managing others. In more formal terms, the goal of working on your competences F and G is therefore to develop students' abilities to communicate and collaborate professionally in an international context, and to engage in a process of developing themselves professionally. This is done through a combined programmer of Mentoring, Training and English sessions. In the first two terms of year 1, we take the first steps towards that goal. 1. 2 General Content The study unit is offered through a combined programmer of Mentoring, Training and English sessions. Mentoring: Topics Performance and study progress of student Professional orientation Wellbeing of student Description Monitoring of study progress and support of the individual student in relation to her/ his personal and professional behavior and development. The mentor (a staff member from the Course Programmer) supports professional orientation: at the end of term 2 in the choice of major.Training: Communication, feedback (inch. Peer assessment skills) Teamwork, Task process and team process, exercises) Refle ction Planning work and study skills Three training sessions per term in order to start understanding the above mentioned topics and begin to demonstrate skills and use tools that are practiced in the sessions. English: pre-test level 82 CHEF vocabulary acquisition listening and reading Academic Purposes Description Six sessions per term in which students first do a preliminary test.Students are instructed on vocabulary acquisition, and have the opportunity to write practice papers during the term targeted on specific purposes. Sessions further emphasize on writing skills. In addition, students practice text analysis & reading comprehension with (critical) analysis. Please note that for the English sessions there is a separate annual. 2. Competences and Learning objectives 2. 1 Competence and level This study unit develops two very related competences, which are offered for students of all Bachelor programmer of EVIL in a generic way.Competence F: To communicate in an international setting Competence F is a very broad competence encompassing spoken and written English, developing skills such as listening, presenting, interviewing, writing, working in teams effectively. It is focused on communication in the professional international setting and at times this also touches on interpersonal (life) communication skills too: egg fleeting, giving and receiving feedback, cross-cultural understanding. At higher levels the practice and understanding of similar qualities may be repeated but in more complex situations, or in a different role, egg as a manager, advisor etc.Competence G: To develop professional behavior Competence G is all about learning to adopt an attitude needed for a professional: taking responsibility, performing according to your abilities and qualities, being able to adapt to the circumstances, including handling cultural differences. This includes knowing yourself well with your strengths and weaknesses, acting upon those nakedness egg by setting l earning goals for yourself. Again, the focus is on qualities needed for a professional attitude but these qualities are never far from more general life qualities, egg setting priorities, making choices.It is obvious that professional behavior is often very much integrated with communication (so with competence F) and therefore the two competences are usually mentioned together. In the first year of studies these competences are offered at level 1: Please be reminded that for the English sessions there is a separate manual. 2. 2 Learning objectives The objectives for this study unit (terms 1 and 2 of year 1) are as follows: Students show knowledge and understanding of interpersonal professional communication, and of the importance developing these competencies for their studies at EVIL.Students show reflection skills focused on their teamwork experience and begin to use different instruments to study effectively, to communicate and develop professionally. Students begin to feel at e ase with using the English language on a daily basis and learn to use it correctly and independently in a professional and academic context both in verbal and written forms. Level of English is based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CHEF), year 1: Bal for reading, listening, 2. Professional role The relevance of what students learn in this study unit is that it gets them started in their studies and the way of studying and learning at EVIL. This includes how to get to grips with a task as a team. Besides teamwork, we also wish to train students in becoming reflective about the quality of their (team) work: how did it go? What was my role? What did others do? How could I do better next time? In many professional situations team work is a key feature of day to day work and by starting to do this early on, we intend to train students thoroughly.We use the same teams that work together on assignments for other study units. 3. Learning methods and Learning activities 3. 1 G eneral outline Generally speaking there are 3 methods of teaching and learning in the study unit Professional Behavior and Communication, and they complement each other. On Blackboard you will find an overview of different activities related to the first and second term of BBC under the name Timeline BBC. Mentoring: Mentoring means the monitoring of your study progress and supporting you as an individual student in relation to your personal and professional behavior and development.The mentor is usually a staff member from your Course Programmer and will also support you in your professional orientation, for example at the end of term 2 in the choice of major. In the mentoring time, you have individual meetings with your mentor. In several cases you have to prepare yourself for such meetings, for example by writing something in advance and by placing it on your own digital space on Blackboard. Usually your mentor will meet her or his group of mentoring students (10 students) all tog ether, in the first or second week of each term.After that, 2 individual meetings will be held each term and you and your mentor have to arrange for this. Training: Each term, three training sessions (of 3 hours each) are held. These trainings are interactive group sessions, where a lot of communication skills and certain tools are being practiced and discussed, and real-life situations are simulated. Your trainer is a specialized communication trainer and he or she will not be afraid to challenge you ND invite you to go Just a little further than what you normally do. Trainings are often fun but of course it is all about very serious and real competences to be developed.In several cases you have to prepare yourself for your training, for example by self-study (reading or writing something in advance) and bringing examples from your own experience to the training room, and/or by placing something you have written on your digital space on Blackboard. English: programmer of self-study as instructed in the separate manual. At the beginning of the first term students do a preliminary test. Students are instructed on vocabulary acquisition, and have the opportunity to write practice papers during the term targeted on specific purposes.Sessions further emphasize on writing skills. In addition, students practice text analysis & reading comprehension with (critical) analysis. Please be reminded that for English there is a separate manual. 3. 2 Supporting lessons Mentoring programmer Term 1 1 . Plenary introduction to BBC by the co-ordination: What is BBC, meaning of competences F Pathway of year 1 focusing on BBC Important tips (use of your digital space on Blackboard, prepare for your sessions) 2. Group meeting with your mentor: Getting to know your mentor and each other Submitting your c.v. and portrait 3.Two (2) individual meetings with mentor: Discuss progress and difficulties: study skills, team work Term 2 4. Study Abroad Event in week 1 5. Group meeting about c hoice of major and placement (with mentor or otherwise) 6. Two (2) individual meetings (or 3 very short ones) with mentor: Discuss results of first term, discuss reflective report written for assessment term 1 Discuss progress and difficulties: study skills, team work Training sessions 1 . Introduction to communication and Team work l: What is communication and why is it so important?What is the scope that we have in these trainings? What is Team work? The 3 aspects of team work: Product (or task), Task process, Team process. In this term we'll focus on Task process: the ‘hardware' of the collaboration process, or the procedures and steps involved. Practicing with task process (exercise in class). How to make sure to use this in your term team assignment? 2. Study skills: Discussing and practicing different skills: Planning, preparing, reading books, writing an action plan, summarizing, repeating, asking questions. Discussing experiences with teamwork during the term.Tips for improvement. 3. Reflection I and Practice for assessment: What is reflection and why should we reflect? Report. Practicing the procedure for the assessment. Term 4. Teamwork II: Looking back in plenary on Task process in 1st term. Lessons learnt Repeating 3 aspects of Team work, now focus on Team process: the ‘software' of collaboration. Exercise with team work, focusing on team process 5. Face to face communication skills: Discussing and practicing different skills: listening, summarizing, asking questions, rephrasing, non-verbal reactions.Feedback: rules of giving and receiving feedback, Shari window. 6. Preparing for a Personal Development Plan: Using a format for a PDP Formulating SMART: what is it, why is it important. Practicing the use of the format in a SMART way English sessions Be reminded that for English there is a separate manual, giving you all the details of the lessons and preparations needed. 3. 3 Assignments On Blackboard you will find an overview of differen t activities related to the first and second term of BBC under the name Timeline BBC.In this ‘Timeline' you also find products that we expect you to submit or upload on your digital space in Blackboard. In summary the assignments for mentoring and training (not including English) are as follows: Week 1 – Initial choice of major – for mentor, major co-ordination and programmer co- ordination. Week 2 – Submit your c.v. and portrait by uploading on your digital space on Blackboard – for mentor. Not marked Week 8/9 – Write reflective report for assessment. Exact deadline to be communicated by trainer. Upload on Blackboard – for assessor to be marked, also visible for mentor. Term 2End of week 8 – Write and submit Personal Development Plan including initial choice of major and an image of your ‘dreamed' first placement. Upload on Blackboard – for mentor, also visible for trainer. Not marked, but will be subsequently disc ussed with mentor at the beginning of term 3. In addition to the above, you are strongly advised to prepare for the individual mentoring meetings by thinking about how you are doing study-wise, what needs your special attention, what should be discussed with the mentor, This may also include writing down a number of points. 4. Examination 4. 1 General outlineFor this study unit, two partial examinations are organized, WAGE PAW (40%) and WAGE PAW (60%), together providing the final grade for this study unit. Together the two exams need to have a weighted average of 5,5 to pass the study unit (of 5 SEC). Examination in term 1 Type of assessment: team meeting (week 7 or 8), individual written paper (week 8/9) In week 7 or 8 a team meeting is organized for the team that worked together during term, under guidance of the trainer, in which a ‘peer assessment' is carried out, with a duration of 45 minutes total. Immediately before this team meeting, students get 30 minutes to prepare individually.The peer assessment discusses task process (procedures, road map, methods) and team process (task sharing, team meeting skills, communication skills). Afterwards, at home, students write an individual reflection paper (based on a format) about teamwork during the term and taking on board the feedback from peers. Paper is marked. The procedure of the peer assessment will be practiced during one of the training sessions. WAGE PAW â€Å"Writing a formal paper† Examination in term 2 Type of assessment: written exam The written assessment takes place in a computer room on a stand-alone computer, o students can only use Word.Students are allowed to bring dictionaries and grammar reference books, which are clean (no notes inside) and may be inspected by the supervisor. Students get a writing assignment at the start of the assessment and then write a paper (memo, letter, report, proposal, essay) of about 350 words in 120 minutes. Topic of the paper is only known in the exam room. Paper is assessed on English proficiency using criteria such as accuracy of grammar and vocabulary, mindfulness of organization and structure of paragraphs, and awareness of style and audience. 4. 2 Criteria and gradingWAGE PAW â€Å"Reflecting on team work† Bottom mark: 5 Weighing: 40% Marking criteria: Student is capable of writing a 750-1000 words reflective paper, in which the opinions of others are compared with those of self. Student uses the offered format for reflection. Student selects relevant situations and can formulate appropriate reflection questions about these situations. Student draws conclusions and lessons learnt. Weighing: 60% Students can write an accurate, formal paper Students start becoming aware of and are capable of applying basic rules of paragraphing and layouts of different types of professional and academic comments.Students start becoming aware of differences in formal and informal writing styles Students start increasing their corpus of active vocabulary in both writing and speaking. Together the two exams need to have a weighted average of 5,5 to pass the study unit (of 5 SEC). 4. 3 Resist A partial examination has to be retaken when the grade is lower than 5. When both partial exams are 5 or higher but the weighted average is lower than 5,5, the student can choose which exam to resist. Both partial examinations can be retaken in the term following the normal assessment moment.