Deception in the Twelfth Night Essay

Trickiness is seen broadly all through the play Twelfth Night by William Shakespeare. Numerous characters are exceptionally clear about what their identity is and what their thought processes are, while some are progressively manipulative. Duplicity is appeared through the clearness of Orsino’s character and the way Viola (Cesario) misleads individuals to play a man. Orsino is a character in the Twelfth Night that is viewed as much comprehended. He is forthright about his activities and intentions. This is depicted in the manner that Orsino cherishes Olivia and the manner in which he will do anything it takes to persuade her to be with him. He makes it clear that there is just a single thing that he needs: to be with Olivia. As Orsino states his adoration in the play, â€Å"Oh, when mine eyes saw Olivia first, methought she cleansed the quality of plague. That moment was I transformed into a hart, and my wants, similar to fell and coldblooded dogs, e’er since seek after me† (1. 1. 20-24). He is forthright about what his identity is; as the tally, he is superior to the individuals around him and gets what he needs. The way that Olivia has a favorable opinion of him as a Duke, exhibits how he is superior to the individuals around him: â€Å"Yet I guess him ethical, know him honorable, of extraordinary domain, of new and impeccable youth. In voices very much uncovered, free, scholarly, and valiant; and in measurement and the state of nature, a charitable person† (1. 5. 260-64). Orsino is a noteable character who is direct and resolved to get what he needs. Viola (Cesario), then again, is totally tricky of what her identity is. Despite the fact that she misleadingly dresses as a man, Viola does it with the goal that she can remain alive in Illyria. The Captain is the one in particular who truly recognizes what Viola is doing. As the Captain says, â€Å"Be you his eununch, and quiet I’ll be. At the point when my tongue jabbers, at that point let mine eyes not see,† (1. 3. 65-66) which he likewise knows the reasons of doing. All through the whole play, Viola needs to lie about what her identity is, however indicates about her mystery every so often, similar to when she talks with Orsino: â€Å"I am all the girls of my father’s house, and all the siblings, tooâ€and yet I know not†.  Viola is a principle case of a character that is tricky by their appearance in the Twelfth Night. Misdirection is being tricked or delude by deceptions or explanations. There are various types of trickery in the Twelfth Night, by appearance or by Shakespeare’s word decision. Double dealing by appearance is a handily observed attribute all through various characters in the play. Orsino is an incredible case of somebody who is something contrary to misleading, while Viola is one of the most beguiling by her appearance and can be seen all through the play the Twelfth Night.

And Sun Also Rises Essay

This paper talks about Ernest Hemingway’s tale And Sun Also Rises (1926) and takes a top to bottom investigation of the improvement of the female character Lady Brett Ashley in attempting to think of better comprehension of the character’s job in the novel. Hemingway’s And Sun Also Rises is generally viewed as Hemingway’s best novel. It turned into the overnight Bible of the after war age. (Barrett, 724) The epic rotates the topic of harm done to Hemingway’s age by the brutality of World War I. All the principle characters of the novel are to sure degree scarred by war. Some of them endure physical wounds like Jake or Count Mippipopolous and others bear the mental injury of â€Å"lost generation† (the expression had a place with Hemingway’s companion Gertrude Stein and turned into the novel’s first epigraph). Among those mentally weakened people Lady Brett Ashley is a dubious character that inspires diverse readers’ and critics’ response. This paper investigates the way by which Lady Ashley’s character creates through the novel. With the primary gathering with Brett Ashley her individual female sexual intrigue and outstanding general appeal is uncovered. From the earliest starting point of the book, men locate her overpowering. When Jake, as storyteller, first presents Brett, he says, â€Å"Brett was accursed gorgeous. She wore a slipover pullover sweater and a tweed skirt, and her hair was swept back like a boy’s. She began all that. She was worked with bends like the structure of a hustling yacht, and you missed none of it with that fleece jersey† (Hemingway, 22). Robert Cohn, as well, is quickly charmed by Brett, and a brief timeframe later, he says, â€Å"She’s a surprisingly appealing woman† (Hemingway, 38). She is a solid and free lady and likely these are the highlights that pull in men more than her physical magnificence. Her genuine instrument is her mystique that strikes the men around her. Each critical male character in the novel, at once or another, remarks on Brett’s female allure. At the point when he is acquainted with Brett, Bill Gorton says, â€Å"Beautiful lady† (Hemingway, 74); Mike Campbell says, â€Å"Brett, you are a flawless piece. Don’t you think she’s lovely? † (Hemingway, 79) These commendations resemble a hold back that is emphasized through the remainder of the novel. In spite of the flourishing consideration on men’s side Brett rejects to get focused on a solitary man, in any event genuinely. Neither the wealth of consideration nor her freedom makes Brett a glad lady. Having first showed up as a thoughtless free lady Brett Ashley ends up being a despondent and hopeless animal simply equivalent to every one of the individuals who survived the war. Brett is frequently depicted in the abstract analysis as explicitly indiscriminate, or even a nymphomaniac, which appears to be extraordinary given that over the span of the story she has sexual associations with, probably, three men †her fiancee, Mike Campbell; Robert Cohn; and Pedro Romero. A few pundits, as Edmund Wilson, evaluate Brett’s direct as â€Å"bitch-like†; Wilson deciphers Brett Ashley as â€Å"an only dangerous force† (p. 238). This understanding, conceivably, is legitimately related depend to Brett’s own affirmation that she makes to Jake after she leaves Romero: â€Å"You realize it causes one to feel rather great choosing not to be a bitch† (Hemingway, 245). In any case it is hard to concur with such understanding of Brett’s character. Most importantly it is realized that she is one of the â€Å"lost generation†, the individuals whose young fell on the post-war period when the connections and duties were free and disarranged, thus Brett’s conduct just mirrors this time. Besides, however Brett never remained with any man longer than she needed, she never showed cold-bloodedness in demeanor toward men, so she was unable to destruct them to any degree. Furthermore, the most significant thing which clarifies Brett’s character is again identified with the hour of the novel. Brett Ashley has a place with those individuals whose considerations are befuddled being influenced by the war. So while searching for her way in life she bombs in finding the break for her mental unsettling influences accordingly proceeds with her self-oppressive lead. Brett can be significantly reckless of the sentiments of others. She dissipates cigarette cinders on Jake’s carpets, and when Romero gives her a bull’s cut off ear after an effective bullfight, she deserts the blessing, stuffed in an inn cabinet. Cohn calls her a twisted person when she is unaffected by the situation of the ponies gutted in the bullring. Absolutely she utilizes Jake unfeelingly now and again, anticipating that him should acquaint her with a man she wants, set up with her undertakings, stay relentless in his dedication to her, and dependably race to her salvage without prior warning she winds up at last details in another nation. However she is likewise profoundly miserable and genuinely delicate. Seen all the more thoughtfully, she can be viewed as a foolish lady, damaged by the terrible and unromantic loss of her first love to looseness of the bowels in the war: â€Å"Brett harms nobody in the novel as seriously as she harms herself. Her nymphomania, her liquor addiction, her steady attacks of sadness, and her fixation on washing are for the most part side effects of an individual occupied with a reliable example of self-abuse† (Whitlow, 56). All in her hopelessness she regularly grumbles to Jake, her solitary genuine companion, about her erratic presence and uninspiring life. Her vagrancy from relationship to relationship is acclimatized with Jake and organization wandering around bars. As the novel unfurls one sees how Lady Ashley changes from the self-assured autonomous lady into one who appears to be incredibly cumbersome being without anyone else. That is the reason she is looking for the safe house in pretty much stable however non-romantic relations with Jake. Similarly as with different characters, World War I clearly assumed the determinative job in the arrangement Brett Ashley’s character. Having lost her genuine affection during the war she explained the example of arbitrary relations, particularly with respect to men. Her suspicion and lost confidence in scan for genuine affection represents the inquiry of the entire lost age for their rotted qualities. Unfit to discover support in the customary feelings that forced certain importance to her life Brett feels ethically lost. Having lost confidence in anything Brett along with her companions is attempting to get away from the truth and fill her vacant existence with thoughtless meandering from bar to bar, living night life, drinking and engaging, doing everything that fits into the idea idealist action. The character of Lady Brett Ashley is creating through the novel from the underlying impression of imprudent however glad lady into the commonplace agent of post-war age with capricious path throughout everyday life. Gatherings, free love and different sorts of joyful creation are just the useless interruption for hiding the distress and instability that filled her spirit.

Hiv/Aids Pandemic in Liberia free essay sample

Recognizing HIV positive people and not enlisting them in any consideration and treatment program nearly ensure proceeded with transmission of the virus†1. This report is tries to give the most recent data about the spread of the loathsome HIV/AIDS pandemic in Liberia. It includes information on the entirety of the fifteen political region of the nation. The greater part of the data was gotten from reports and materials from the National AIDS and STIs Control Program (NACP). The NACP is the national Secretariat built up by the Liberian Government through the National HIV/AIDS Commission to execute usage of projects. Albeit different materials were counseled too, the Internet additionally contributed enormously to this report. The discoveries in this report are exceptionally disturbing, and it expects everybody to act fittingly to turn around the circumstance, else it would be past the point of no return for the thriving of our nation. Thus, I might want to modestly implore the consideration and help of all good natured Liberians who will peruse this paper to help spare our nation. There are supplements connected which ends. I should recognize and value the Government of Liberia through the NACP for permitting me access to materials that help this report. Not additionally overlooking my course speaker, Mr Peter D. N. Duncan, MSc. in Education, for giving hypothetical and good direction all through the task time frame. I trust this paper has met its target as the theme delineates. give factual information that help my investigation and 1 Khalipha M. Bility, Ph. D. , Program Manager, NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, pp. 2 Page 2 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary variant www. pdffactory. com II. HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC: â€Å"Its Social Ramifications and Impacts on the Liberian Society† The recorded records and realities of the disclosure of the HIV/AIDS infection in Liberia can be followed similarly as in 1986 when the main determination was made at Curran Lutheran Hospital in Lofa. Since that time, very little practical and solid insights and data had been made accessible. The Government of Liberia had just reacted with the foundation of the National AIDS and STIs Control Program (NACP) in 2001. This organization has the legal command of national oversight obligation of all cases identifying with the unpleasant infection. Until this point in time, Liberia is analyzed of three kinds of the pandemic: HIV-1, HIV-2, and the blend of both (HIV-12). Occurrences of HIV/AIDS cases in Liberia, from 1986 to 1997, have been recorded as follows: In 1986, two HIV cases were accounted for; In 1989, three people tried constructive; In 1991, fourteen cases were accounted for; In 1993, four people tried for HIV; In 1994, twelve people tried for HIV; In 1996, eighteen people tried constructive; and in 1997, 48 patients tried constructive. The Ministry of Health and the National Aids Control Program (NACP) had as needs be accounted for in 2001 that more than 100,000 Liberians were tried positive for HIV who were fundamentally between ages 15-29, speaking to a 20 percent expansion over the past twomonth period. Around the same time, it was accounted for by Time Magazine that Liberia AIDS figures was put around 39,000 carriers2. These figures were bolstered and affirmed by UNAIDS. In spite of the fact that cutting-edge, the NACP report shows that HIV/AIDS cases are significantly under-detailed during earlier years, in its Annual HIV and AIDS Review 2007-2008, it is accounted for that Liberia HIV positive populace, in light of the 2007 Antenatal Care (ANC) Sero Prevalence Survey, is 173,6193. At present, in its Quarter Nine Report (June to August 2009) an aggregate of 1,411 patients4 are HIV/AIDS transporters; be that as it may, this figure depends on the quantity of people agreed for testing during the quarter. Information for Bomi, Gbarpolu, Grand Kru and River Gee regions are prohibited on the grounds that data for these provinces were not accessible at time of the survey. Show 1 gives a more detail pictorial perspective on the circumstance. The district has commonly significant levels of disease of both HIV-1 and HIV-2. The beginning of the HIV scourge in West Africa started in 1985 with revealed cases in Cote dIvoire, Benin and Mali. Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Cameroon, Senegal and Liberia followed in 1986; Sierra Leone, Togo and Niger in 1987; Mauritiana in 1988; The Gambia, GuineaBissau, and Guinea in 1989; lastly Cape Verde in 1990. The HIV/AIDS pestilences spreading through the nations of Sub-Saharan Africa are profoundly shifted. The fundamental driver of contamination in the locale is business sex. In spite of the fact that it isn't right to talk about a solitary African plague, Africa is without question the area generally influenced by the infection. Possessed by simply over 12% of the universes populace, Africa is evaluated to have over 60% of the AIDS-tainted populace. A significant part of the destructiveness of the plague in Sub-Saharan Africa has to do with a dangerous cooperative energy among HIV and tuberculosis, however this collaboration is in no way, shape or form constrained to Africa. Truth be told, tuberculosis is 2 A. History and Facts Time Magazine, 12 February 2001, Vol. 157, No. 6 Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008; pp. 5 NACP HIV AIDS QUARTER 9 REPORT: JUNE †AUGUST, 2009; pp. 7 3 4 Page 3 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary rendition www. pdffactory. com the universes most noteworthy irresistible enemy of ladies of regenerative age, and the main source of death among individuals with HIV/AIDS. 1. Training Awareness Building The present figures about HIV/AIDS commonness is a solid sign that belittling and separation stays a significant imperative to far reaching information assembling on the real predominance rate for Liberia. This implies numerous Liberians are not ready to go for directing and testing. HIV anticipation exercises are key parts in battling the pandemic in Liberia. The NACP during the quarter keep on spreading HIV counteraction messages to build mindfulness in everybody. These messages were dispersed through different medium including banners, handouts, schedule among others. As per its yearly report, an aggregate of 29,3565 materials were dispersed to wellbeing offices, NGOs, CBOs, FBOs, and other actualizing accomplices during the quarter. By a relative examination, given the most recent five years, with these awarenesses on HIV avoidance, one can dare to dream that there will be an adjustment in conduct of the populace. Like one columnist detailed in October 2005 stated: â€Å"first the uplifting news. Youthful Liberians think about AIDS, how they may get the malady and what they can do to ensure themselves. Presently the terrible news! They are not placing that information into practice6. An examination appointed by the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) found that while nine out of 10 respondents realized HIV could spread through sex, and six out of 10 realized a condom would secure them, just one of every 10 utilized it the first occasion when they had intercourse. In spite of high information rates, the sexual acts of such a large number of Liberian young people incorporate high paces of unprotected sex. This logical inconsistency is significantly upsetting and requires we all to try harder to viably speak with youngsters about the genuine risk of HIV/AIDS†7. B. Trashing and Discrimination C. Emotionally supportive networks The Government of Liberia through the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare and the National AIDS STI Control Program has shown solid political will because of the battle against the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Through the NACP, there has been over past year deliberate endeavors and solid key associations with the universal network and beneficent associations. Together, they have gained momentous ground over the period under survey, June 2007 to August 2009, as of readiness of this report. For example, the initiative of the Health Ministry and the NACP keep on giving direction and approach oversight all through the usage time frame. Individuals from the National AIDS Commission are contributing in critical manners to assist Liberia with moving towards: One national AIDS Authority, One Action Framework and One observing and assessment framework. The United Nations Development Program, (UNDP) keeps on giving stewardship of the Global Fund for AIDS, TB and Malaria (GFATM) that is presently making ready to quicken general access. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) is offering help for the anticipation of mother-to-kid transmission of HIV contamination (PMTCT) program. The World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA), United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Commission on AIDS (UNAIDS), International Labor Organization (ILO), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) and a few different individuals from the UN framework keep on giving material supplies, coordinations and specialized help. The Clinton Foundation, an altruistic association built up by previous U. S. President Bill Clinton has assumed extremely significant jobs in the accomplishment of the consequences of the 5 NACP Annual HIV and AIDS Review: 2007-2008, pp. 8 Claire Soares/IRIN, LIBERIA: Youth not incorporating HIV anticipation exercises, 28. 10. 2005 Angela Kearney, UNICEFs delegate for Liberia. Individual Interview with Claire Soares/IRIN; 27. 02. 2005 6 7 Page 4 of 15 PDF made with pdfFactory Pro preliminary rendition www. pdffactory. com current information bank at the NACP. Different accomplices included CHAL, AWARE, Abbott Labs, University of Massachusetts, and the PIRE Institute that keep on giving specialized help to crafted by the NACP. The help of the different region wellbeing groups and the high level of participation of wellbeing offices over the 15 political developments were motors in the assortment and the executives of information. 1. Number of people got testing and guiding The NACP and its accomplices have kept on executing nati

Failure Analysis of Blister Packaging Camshaft - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2447 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/18 Category Analytics Essay Level High school Tags: Failure Essay Did you like this example? Project Relevance: Packaging is one of the largest industry sectors in the world, worth $280 billion. Consumer healthcare packaging represents 4% ($11.2 billion) of the packaging industry. As drug manufacturers approach the 21st century, they face a number of challenges that packaging can help them meet. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Failure Analysis of Blister Packaging Camshaft" essay for you Create order In this work camshaft under consideration operates forming die of a blister forming station at 45 cycles per minute. When forming die is in closed condition, operating load of the assembly is maximum i.e.19828N, and in open condition it takes only dead load i.e. 266N in opposite direction. Thus, camshaft is subjected to alternate tension and compression due to bending loads. The shaft fails after few cycles wherein PLC screen shows the number of cycles completed till failure. The aim of this project is to modify the shaft to withstand such an operational alternating loads which intern provides a high service warranty to the customer. This modification of the shaft done on relaxing the fillet radius. The shaft can be modified with help of changing its filet radius. For that as per reference paper shaft 30 mm diameter and 45 mm diameter with its filet radius is 0.5 mm and 4.5 mm respectively. FEA of that two diameters with changing filet radius . From this comparison best result diamet er shaft manufactured and take experimental test. Before experimental, we analysis a various filet radius with 45 mm diameter for FEA is done. Literature Review: J. D. Chougule1, R. G. Todkar,[1] showed the influence of a cam shaft in the transmission system of a blister packaging machine used for packaging of tablets. It is observed that the cam shaft fails due fatigue loading into two pieces during operation. To find out cause of failure, a finite element analysis was carried out. Results of stress analysis reveal that the highest stressed area coincides with the fractured regions of the failure of the shaft. The theoretical stress fairly matches with the sub-model stress values. The failure analysis shows that the fatigue failure of the shaft is due to weak section at the step provided for cam shaft mount. To enhance service durability of the transmission system of Blister Packing Machine, stress concentration at cam step was modified and material with high service durability, mechanical characteristics such as fatigue strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture toughness was selected. The possible reasons concept of the automobile diesel engine crankshaft failure i.e. operating sources, repairing sources and mechanical sources has been presented in detail by F. S. Silva [2] and observed that the crankshaft failure occurs due to small cracks which are developed as an effect of thermal fatigue loading substantial overheating during shaft grinding process. Stuart H. Loewenthal [3] has studied the method of power shaft design which accounts for a variable amplitude loading histories and their effects on limited life design requirements considering the effects of combined bending and torsion loading and a number of service factors. S. Abdullah et al. [4] discussed the technique of analysis is explain to assess a fatigue life of a shell structure under the variable loadings using finite element analysis technique for a simulation works and it is observed that constant amplitude predict a life larger as long as one predicted by variable amplitude tests. To enhance service durability of the transmission system of Blister Packing Machine, stress concentration at cam step was modified and material with high service durability, mechanical characteristics such as fatigue strength, ultimate tensile strength, and fracture toughness was selected. Norman E. Dowling [5] has done comparison of the material test data with various approaches to estimating the effect of mean stress on stress life and strain life behavior is explained and seen that the walkers mean stress equation gives superior results. M. Omid et al. [6] has performed fatigue analysis of the connecting rod to evaluate a critical point calculated stresses and displacements under maximum compression and tension loadings. The caustic method is very powerful method to detect the stress distribution for complicated mechanical elements such as connecting rod. By drilling several distributed small holes on the connecting rod, the caustic method can predict accurately the stress value at each hole position. G. Wang [7] has introduced a crack modeling approach for the prediction of fatigue failure of the camshaft and which allows the calculation of an equivalent stress intensity factor enabling standard fracture mechanics methodology. H. Bayrakceken [8] investigated the reason of failure analysis of a camshaft of an automobile engine is carried out by using scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysis of fractured camshaft material to assess the reasonableness of fracture M. Shabanet. al.,M.I.Mohamed, A.E.Abuelezz, T Khalifa,(2013)[9], studied the stress pattern of crane hook in its loaded condition, a solid model of crane hook is prepared with the help of ABAQUS software. Real time pattern of stress concentration in 3D model of crane hook is obtained. The stress distribution pattern is verified for its correctness on an acrylic model of crane hook using shadow optical method (Caustic method) set up. By predicting the stress concentration area, the shape of the crane is modified to increase its working life and reduce the failure rates. The complete study is an initiative to establish a FEA procedure, by validating the results, for the measurement of stresses. For reducing the failures of hooks the estimation of stresses, their magnitudes and possible locations are very important. From the stress analysis, they have observed the cross section of max stress area. If the area on the inner side of the hook at the portion of max stress is widened then the stresses will get reduced. The caustic method is very powerful method to detect the stress distribution for complicated mechanical elements such as hooks. By drilling several distributed small holes on the hook, the caustic method can predict accurately the stress value at each hole position. Om Parkash et. al. [10] had studied the Optimizing the Design of Connecting Rod under Static and Fatigue Loading. The main objective of their work was to re-optimize the existing design of connecting rod of universal tractor (U650) by changing some of the design variables. In their work, the model was developed, analyzed and designed using CATIA 19, PRO-E and ANSYS workbench v12. Optimization of connecting rod was done under same boundary and loading conditions for variation in the few stress and fatigue parameters i.e. stresses, weight, life, damage, bi-axiality indication and safety factor. Stress concentration coefficient was varied to obtain the maximum cycles condition. The critical regions under both static and fatigue analysis were identified and improved. The connecting rod was modeled and optimized for the reduced weight, improved life and manufacturability. The results obtained from performed analysis could be used to modify the design of existing connecting rod, so that be tter performance i.e. reduced inertia, fatigue life and manufacturability could be obtained under varying static and fatigue conditions. A. A. Pandharabale, Asst. Prof. A. J. Rajguru,[11] The main objective of their paper was to design a model of dual worm system for optimal load lifting capacity, optimal factor of safety and optimal efficiency for reduced power consumption. They have derived the optimal power for individual motor and select the motor for the application so as to make the device compact. The experimental validation part of the lifting force developed by the dual worm system is validated using test-rig. Various characteristics graph were plotted like Torque Vs. Speed, Power Vs. speed, Power consumption of motor under rated load, Efficiency of system Vs. speed. They concluded that the torque increases with the decrease in the output speed, Graph of power output indicates a rising trend up to certain output speed and then slightly drops indicating that indicating that the device will slow down slightly if the load is increased. A.S.Dhavale , V.R.Muttagi,[12] In four strokes engine one of the most important component is camshaft, such a important part and that over the years subject of extensive research. In this study, causes of fracture of camshaft are discuses. By using scanning electron microscopy and finite element analysis methods are used for fracture analysis of camshaft. It is seen that, The analyzed camshaft is fractured after a very short period of usage of the car. The failure is occurred as a sudden fracture at very close to journal location, where there is a stress concentration. The main reason of the fracture is determined as a casting defect. As the failure was related to a material production problem it is likely to affect more than one vehicle. So, the camshaft of vehicles manufactured from that particular series of camshaft should be replaced. Also, the non destructive testing procedures of the component supplier should also be improved as the defect can easily be detectable by standard n on destructive techniques. Zhiwei Yu, Xiaolei Xu,[13], A failure investigation has been conducted on a diesel-engine crankshaft used in a truck, which is made from 42CrMo forging steel. The crankshaft was nitrided. The fracture occurred in the web between the 2nd journal and 2nd crankpin. The depth of the nitrided layer in various regions of the crankshaft particularly in the fillet region close to the fracture was determined by SEM observation and micro-hardness (HV0.1) measurement, combined with nitrogen content analysis by EDAX. The mechanical properties of the crankshaft including tensile properties, marohardness (HB) and surface hardness (HV1) were evaluated. Fractographic studies indicate that fatigue is the dominant mechanism of failure of the crankshaft. The partial absence of the nitrided layer in the fillet region close to the fracture makes fatigue strength decrease to lead to fatigue initiation and propagation in the weaker region and premature fracture. The partial absence of the nitrided layer ma y result from over-grinding after nitriding. In order to prevent fatigue initiation in the fillet the final grinding has to be done carefully and the grinding amount controlled to avoid grinding down the nitrided layer. Aim of Project: The aim of this project is to modify the shaft to withstand such an operational alternating loads which intern provides a high service warranty to the customer. This modification of the shaft done on relaxing the fillet radius Objectives of Dissertation: To modify the shaft to withstand such an operational alternating loads which intern provides a high service warranty to the customer. For validation with finite element analysis (FEA) it is found that the stress is higher at the step, where failure was found in field. To overcome problem of sub-modelling technique, in CREO-PARAMETRIC 2.0 is used. Sub-modeling is the technique of studying a local part of a model with a refined mesh, based on interpolation of the solution from an initial, global model onto appropriate parts of the boundary of the sub-model. The method is most useful when it is necessary To obtain an accurate, detailed solution in the local region and the detailed modelling of that local region has negligible effect on the overall solution. Research Methodology: Literature Review Study of Blister machine and its techniques. Modeling of Camshaft FEA of selected materials cross-sections for particular load Selection of best material cross-section from FEA results Manufacturing of camshaft from FEA result Experimental testing Comparison of experimental result with FEA results for given load Conclusions Experimental Setup: Fig. 1: Experimental testing of camshaft on UTM Results: FEA results Results can be obtained by FEA as well as Experiment. Table 1 : Results of FEA Diameter 30 mm 45 mm Fillet Radius 0.5 mm 4.5 mm Von-mises stress 120.27 Mpa 100.23 Mpa Deformation 0.0070434 0.005869 After that, by FEA best result obtained, by taking fillet radius 4.5 mm. As the comparison of above result von-mises stresses is high at 30 mm diameter as compared to 45 mm diameter. This is also same as deformation, that means deformation is less at 45 mm diameter and it is more 30 mm diameter. Next step we want to check at 45 mm diameter, changing fillet radius and check out the results. And then this result compare to above table. Before that best result obtained at 45 mm diameter , so taking the dimensions and shaft is made on workshop. After the manufacturing of shaft experimental analysis is done on UTM. By using the strain gauge strain also calculated. In experimental analysis we can get the values of von-mises stress and deformation. After th values whuch are coming from the experiment , FEA is done . but in fea total load applied on shaft is 10 % reduced, because in real there is no possible to applied a load. So external weight is applied. Then the result comparison of expe rimental and FEA are given below, Table 2 :Results of FEA Optimised FEA Diameter 45 45 Filet radius 4.5 4.5 Von-mises stress 103.87 100.23 Deformation 00020 000569 So, we take as 45 mm diameter and fillet radius takes 3 mm , 3.5 mm and 4 mm. and that obtained result by FEA is below table. Table 3 : Results of FEA (with different filet radius) Diameter 45 mm 45 mm 45 mm Fillet Radius 3 mm 3.5 mm 4 mm Von-mises stress 112.07 Mpa 107.52 Mpa 104.78 Mpa Deformation 0.00656 0.006296 0.006136 After studying of all result, best result given by 45 mm diameter and its fillet radius 4.5 mm, so using this dimension camshaft is made. And this shaft using UTM stresses and deformation is calculated. After that calculating the life cycle for 45 mm diameter and its different filet radius. Also comparing all result diameter 45 mm and its filet radius 4.5 mm gives good result as compare to all. Table 4 : Results of FEA life cycle (with different filet radius) Diameter 45 mm 45 mm 45 mm 45 mm Fillet Radius 3 mm 3.5 mm 4 mm 4.5 mm Life cycle 2.106e5 2.802e5 3.2499e5 4.1978e5 As the above result shows the, number of cycles increases, with decreasing the stress. Conclusion: This chapter consist the concluding remarks on current research work. The experimentation performed on Universal testing machine. The analysis result was also done in previous chapter result and discussion. The concluding remarks on experimentation and its results are covered and also necessary outcomes are represented in this chapter. The future scope for this project is also stated at the end of this chapter. The outcomes from the current research work are as follows; From results of finite element analysis it is observed that the maximum stress value is within the safety limit. There is a great potential to optimize, this safety limit which can be done by removing material from low stressed region thus optimizing its weight without affecting its structural behavior. The maximum displacement value is also very less. So, the material from low stressed region is can be removed without affecting its strength and is within the yield strength. Von-mises stress found on existing (120.27 MPa) and optimized (100.23 MPa) components are within the material yield strength. Deflection measured and found on existing (0.0070434mm) and optimized (0.00569mm) model is very less. Project Expenditure: Sr. No. Name of Equipment Qty. Approx. Cost (INR) Material for Specimen 01 2000 = 00 Raw Material Cutting and machining 01 5800 = 00 Bracket Joining 04 1000 = 00 Experimentation and Lab charges - 8000 = 00 Miscellaneous Expenses 4000 = 00 Total Expenditure: Rs. 20800 = 00

Literature Review - How to Do It - 1653 Words

Writing A Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix My professor says I have to write a literature review, what do I do? Well, to begin, you have to know that when writing a literature review, the goal of the researcher is to determine the current state of knowledge about a particular topic by asking, â€Å"What do we know or not know about this issue?† In conducting this type of research, it is imperative to examine several different sources to determine where the knowledge overlaps and where it falls short. A literature review requires a synthesis of different subtopics to come to a greater understanding of the state of knowledge on a larger issue. It works very much like a jigsaw puzzle. The individual pieces (arguments) must be put†¦show more content†¦116) - WASP created opportunities for women that had never previously existed (p. 112) - Women’s success at flying aircrafts â€Å"marked a pivotal step towards breaking the existing gender barrier† (p. 112) - â€Å"From the outset male pilots resented women’s presence in a traditionally male military setting† (p. 1113-4) - â€Å"The WASP were routinely assigned inferior planes that were later found to have been improperly maintained† (p. 114) - discrimination against WASP at every level of military service, women were only paid 2/3 of what men were for doing identical tasks (p. 114) Stewart - WAAC (Women’s Army Auxiliary Corp) was 1st chance for women to serve in army, given full army status in 1943 as WAC (p. 28) - Needs of the war were so great that women’s traditional social roles were ignored (p. 30) - Military women paid well for the time period and given benefits if they became pregnant (p. 32) - The 1940’s brought more opportunities to women than ever before (p. 26) Bruley -Women given equal opportunities (p. 223) - Women joined workforce as a break from the ordinary to help the war (p. 220) - Unconscious decision to cross into male-dominated roles (p. 221) - Seized these new oppor tunities to bring about change (p. 230) Scott - Women born in the 1920’s found new doors open to them where they once would have encountered brick walls (p. 526) -Even women not directly involved in the war were changing mentally by being challenged toShow MoreRelatedliterature review1550 Words   |  7 PagesWriting a Literature Review A literature review†¦ †¢ Provides an overview and a critical evaluation of a body of literature relating to a research topic or a research problem. †¢ Analyzes a body of literature in order to classify it by themes or categories, rather than simply discussing individual works one after another. †¢ Presents the research and ideas of the field rather than each individual work or author by itself. A literature review often forms part of a larger researchRead MoreEssay Literature Review1001 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Review The purpose of this research project is for you to create a scholarly piece of graduate-level research and writing, which conforms to APA format. Competency in the APA format is required of all Business graduates of Liberty University, as set forth by policy of both the Graduate Faculty and the administration. You will research and write a literature review on a topic relevant to our course. What is a Literature Review? â€Å"A literature review discusses published informationRead MoreRole of Literature in Research1513 Words   |  7 Pages[pic]DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT THE ROLE OF LITERATURE REVIEW IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS A TERM PAPER PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE COURSE RESEARCH METHODS BY SIAW-ASAMOAH JOYCELYN Literature simply is a body of written works. It is what has been written to be investigated, thus an existing body of written works or knowledge on a chosen topic or problem area. The name is often applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions ofRead MoreImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. Providing background information can help to demonstrate the importance of a topic, and can help to establish understanding of a subject or issue. An effective literature review also provides a space to elaborate on future work to be done on aRead MoreNarrative Literature Reviews1589 Words   |  7 PagesNarrative literature reviews Introduction n A literature review is a comprehensive study and interpretation of the work that has been published on a particular topic n A literature review should convey the knowledge and ideas that have been established on a topic and their strengths and limitations Why undertake a literature review? n To provide a review of the current knowledge in a particular field n Provide a description of research studies n Identify gaps in current knowledge n Identify emergingRead MoreImportant Consideration in Making a Research Paper820 Words   |  4 Pagesof the most important early steps in a research project is the conducting of the literature review. This is also one of the most humbling experiences youre likely to have. Why? Because youre likely to find out that just about any worthwhile idea you will have has been thought of before, at least to some degree. I frequently have students who come to me complaining that they couldnt find anything in the literature that was related to their topic. And virtually every time they have said that, IRead MoreHrd Audit Literature Review683 Words   |  3 PagesLiterature Review If you believe everything you read, better not read. (Japanese Proverb) [pic] What is a literature review? A literature review is an account of what has been published on a topic in the past. Its purpose is to inform the reader what has been established about a topic and what the strengths and weaknesses are. A literature review must be defined by a guiding concept and should not be a list of all the material that you can find (Porter, S. 2008, p.49). What isRead MoreEssay On Gender Differences In Major Selection781 Words   |  4 Pagestwo research papers in terms of literature reviews and methodology. The first focus of the critique is the literature review. Morgan et al. (2012) reviewed research literature while Mann et al. (2012) engaged in both theoretical literature and research literature. In the terms of structure of literature review, Morgan et al. (2012) organized the literature review with the relevance of the literature which is quite clear. Mann et al. (2012) organized the literature less structured on the explanationsRead MoreMy Writing For Writing A Writing Intensive Course1228 Words   |  5 Pageslet me know what the expectation is for the class and how these goals will help me to improve my writing proficiency in the writing intensive course. However, it was not an easy journey for me. I did have my struggles with writing essay for this class due to insufficient of English grammar rules but I manage to do bette r than I thought. My essays might not be the best but I do notice that I did improve better than before. This class taught me how to plan, revise and editing based on the feedback thatRead MoreBenefits Of Class Performance Students865 Words   |  4 Pagessocial from the very beginning. Some claim they do not have a social life but any type of communication is social. In college, people are social because they interact with professors, students, and the people around them. Some students might perform better in school when they are around others. They meet with others and form study sessions as a group. Other students might find if better if they find a peaceful place and study alone. Literature reviews are important because it gives researchers a better

The Honor Code - 1348 Words

2. A large subsection of cosmopolitanism is the power of external public shaming, and the power of shame to shape the behaviors of cultures. This is also the part of cosmopolitanism which can be applied more broadly to societies than to individuals. In his book, The Honor Code, Appiah offers various examples about the connected roles which shame and honor have respectively in guiding the morality of different cultures, and how these influences change over time through external forces which evaluate and judge the practices of that particular society. The reason he gives for honor having enough weight to influence behavior to such an extent is â€Å"our deep and persistent concern with status and respect, our human need for what Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel called Anerkennung ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚ ¬recognition† (Honor xiii). This theory about honor connects to a psychological notion that human beings are social creatures and depend on social connections and interactions for a large par t of our own self worth. Appiah goes on to say that â€Å"we human beings need others to respond appropriately to who we are and to what we do. We need others to recognize us as conscious and to acknowledge that we recognize them† (Honor xiii). Not only do humans need to be recognized, but we must also have our actions affirmed, a theory which Appiah applies not only to individuals, but to collective honor as well. a. This idea of honor is not entirely removed from his cosmopolitan standards concerning morals, and AppiahShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of The Honor Code1303 Words   |  6 Pagesethically better the students. By forming our own perspective on the honor code, acknowledging that the efficiency of the honor code relies on the student bodies’ compliance to the expectations, and relating the honor code to free will, we have come to the conclusion that the present honor code in our school, Robert Vela High School, needs to be revised. The solution is quite simple, separate the rules and create a new honor code that comprises of expectations excluding severe repercussions. HumansRead MoreAcademic Dishonesty Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesacross the country have implemented honor codes. These codes vary widely depending on the institution; some merely outline unacceptable academic behaviors, others have a â€Å"no toleration† clause, and a few even regulate students’ dres s and other social behavior. For this reason, I feel that universities must choose the wording of their honor codes very carefully in order to prevent treading on students’ rights, and to ensure their effectiveness. The purpose of honor codes, generally, is to promote an ethicalRead MoreThe Code Of The Honor Code System790 Words   |  4 PagesThe honor code is a set of rules used by high schools and colleges to prevent the students from cheating, stealing and plagiarizing. The honor code puts the responsibility of maintaining academic integrity on the student’s shoulders instead of those of the faculty. Ideally, this code works well because the students are trusted, monitored and held accountable by their peers. Unfortunately, in reality the honor code is not successful and actually allows for more cheating. Rockhurst High school is betterRead MoreWest Point Cheating Incident Essay1440 Words   |  6 Pageswould be immediate dismissal from the academy. Cadets at West Point live by an academic honor code. The academy has a zero tolerance for those found guilty of violating the code. The responsibility administering the honor code was delegated to the cadets. This was known as the cadet honor board. The honor board conducted investigations on cadets who were reported to have violated the honor code. The honor board would decide on a person’s guilt or incense by a board vote. The results were thenRead More The West Point Cheating Scandal Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesDescription: In April of 1976 it was found that there was a possibility that over half of the junior class at West Point Academy had violated the West Point honor code by cheating on a case assignment. The honor code states A cadet will not lie, cheat, or steal, nor tolerate those who do. This was by far the largest violation of the honor code in West Point history and presented some unusual challenges to the administration. As the year dragged on it was found that more and more students possiblyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1225 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of viable honor systems that have been implemented in schools that make such unethical behavior less pervasive. Both of these extremes, beg the question whether an honor code, such as the Stevens Honor System, is the most effective way to curb immoral behavior and promote a high regard for honesty. As Henry David Thoreau makes it clear in his essay, â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† governments should not be allowed to impede on individuals’ consciences and behaviors. Thus, the honor code should only beRead More Defining Heroism - What Makes a True Hero? Essay857 Words   |  4 Pagescharacteristics, have very similar values to the people that follow them. This point of view can best be explained using three key points of focus. These points are as follows: The similarity of a higher guidance in times of need, the similarity of the code of honor that they live by, and the fact that no matter who the hero is, he or she is under pressure to be a successful role model.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The similarity of higher guidance in times of need is the easiest and most direct of all the three factors. MostRead MoreAmerica Places A Heavy Emphasis On The Crime Of Stealing997 Words   |  4 Pagesmethods, but the main combative tool they use is an honor code. These honor codes act as contracts that students agree to, acknowledging that they will be academically honest, not receive unauthorized aid, and so forth. These honor codes vary from institution to institution. The Honor Code in use at Hofstra University is a prime example of a classic honor code. However, to demonstrate the differences between honor codes we will also analyze the honor codes in effect at The State University of New YorkRead MoreAcademic Honesty - Essay 31242 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents. Religion based colleges and universities have a Code of Conduct that students are expected to adhere to. They are required to take religion classes. Maybe they have better moral values than students at secular universities and colleges. So a key question regarding academic honesty and integrity is, whose job is it to teach honesty and integrity in an academic setting? Hall and Kuth (1998) suggest that â€Å"an academic honor code will not have the intended effect without the endorsement ofRead MoreStudent Code Of Professional Responsibility1077 Words   |  5 Pagesimpugn the integrity of his self or herself necessarily impugn the integrity of the institutions and communities in which they are permitted membership. Moreover, those who would practice law have a sworn duty to the People, who must trust in the honor and integrity of their legal advocates and representatives. If the People lose faith in the law, the law loses its efficacy as a tool for the public good. Therefore, as protectors of the academic and professional ethics of this honorable profession

Michelle Had Duty Of Care Towards Rebecca â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Michelle Had Duty Of Care Towards Rebecca? Answer: Introducation The duty of care is related with the circumstances and the relationships in which it has recognized by the law as resulting in a legal duty to take care. On the other hand, if such care is not taken, it may result in the liability of the defendant to pay damages to the other party, to whom injury or loss has been caused as a result of such breach of duty (Topp v London Country Bus, 1993). Hence, in such cases, the claimant is under a legal obligation to establish that the defendant had a duty of care. To find out the presence of duty of care in cases involving personal injury or damage to property, the neighbor test is used. This test was originally provided by Lord Atkins in Donahue v Stevenson (1932). Application: In the present case, it can be said that it was reasonably foreseeable for Michelle that her actions may result in causing injury to Rebecca. Any driver would have known that in case of an accident, the passenger may suffer serious injuries. According to this test, there should be reasonable foresight of harm, and a relationship of proximity should also be present between the parties (Overseas Tankship Ltd. v Morts Dock Engineering Company Ltd., 1961). While deciding if the defendant had a duty of care towards the plaintiff, there are a number of legal principles that considered by the court (Bourhill v Young, 1943). For this purpose, the plaintiff is required to establish that the:- Defendant had a duty of care to the plaintiff There has been a breach of such duty by the defendant; and The plaintiff had suffered an injury or a loss due to the actions of the plaintiff which resulted in the breach of such duty. Application: The standard of care that can be applied in this case required Michelle to be careful while driving the car. But Michelle was quite drunk when she was driving the car. She had taken a lot of wine before the show. Hence, the standard was not met and as a result, there was a breach of the duty of care. The issue in this question is related with causation. The law provides that there should be a connection present between the alleged negligence on the part of the defendant and the hound that has been suffered by the plaintiff. However, this is a question of fact. A particular articulation related with causation is the "but for" test. It has to be seen if but for the actions of the defendant, the harm suffered by the building would not have taken place. Application: In this case, Rebecca has suffered serious injuries and broken her leg when the car being given by Michelle met with an accident. In this case, Michelle was driving the car under the influence of liquor. Hence it can be said that Michelle was negligent while driving the car. Similarly, the injuries suffered by Rebecca can be described as the direct result of the negligence of Michelle in driving the car under the influence of liquor. Hence, the injuries suffered by Rebecca were the direct result of the Michelles negligence. Rule: The law of tort provides that contributory negligence can be described as such behavior of the claimant as a result of which, it can be said that the claimant had also contributed to some extent in the injuries suffered by him or her. As a result of the fact that the claimant had also failed in meeting the standard of care that would have been made by any other reasonable person under the circumstances, for the purpose of avoiding the loss of the injury that has been suffered by the claimant. Hence, when such circumstances are present and the claimant had also contributed in the loss on the injury, the defendant can rely on the defense of contributory negligence. Therefore in such cases, the defense of contributory negligence is available to the defendant only if the defendant is in a position to establish that there was some fault present on part of the claimant also. The defendant has to establish that there was some fault of the defendant, which had contributed in causing th e injury or the loss suffered by the claimant. Application: in the present case, when Rebecca and Michelle went to see the Oprah Winfrey show, there was a delay in starting the show as there was a ticketing issue. In order to parse time, both of them had consumed wine while waiting for the show to start. Rebecca was well aware of the fact that on their way back home, Michelle would be driving the car. Still, Rebecca decided to drink wine with Michelle and she also decided to ride in the car being driven by Michelle. Although she was aware of the fact that Michelle had drank wine. Rule: The defense of volenti non fit injuria has limited application under the tort law. The translation of this latter phrase means that when a person has volunteered, no harm is done (Nettleship v Weston, 1971). This defense is applicable as a complete defense and absorbs the defendant of all liability (White v Blackmore, 1972). The requirements of voluntary assumption of risk that it should be voluntary, and exhibited the present and it should be made after having complete knowledge regarding the nature and extent of the risk (Morris v Murray, 1991). Application: In Dann v Hamilton (1939) the court had stated that the defense of volenti non fit injuria is available in such cases when the drunkenness of the driver is obvious and as a result, it can be concluded that an obvious and evident risk existed and satirist has been accepted by the defendant, knowingly. In this case, the defense of volenti non fit injuria is not available to Michelle. References Bourhill v Young [1943] AC 92 Donahue v Stevenson (1932) AC 562 Morris v Murray [1991] 2 QB 6 Nettleship v Weston [1971] 3 WLR 370 Overseas Tankship (U.K.) Limited v Morts Dock Engineering Company Limited (New South Wales) [1961] UKPC 2 Topp v London Country Bus [1993] 1 WLR 976 White v Blackmore [1972] 3 WLR 296